ABSTRACT With an ever-increasing global need for sustainable animal protein, agriculturists are turning to aquaculture for an alternative source of protein and revenue. Aquaculture is widely considered as an important component for enhancing food security, income and nutrition. Tilapias are considered as the best species for culture globally and in Kenya, Oreochromis niloticus has shown significant success. However, little is known about the aquaculture potential of Oreochromis jipe. This st...
Abstract The Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) prome in the University CoIlege Hospital (UCH), Ibadan has been in existence for more than five years and has scaled up to other sites. The study evaluated the service uptake and performance of the programme using national key indicators. Antenatal and delivery records of women enrolled between July 2002 and June 2007 were reviewed. A total of 51952 women attended first antenatal visits and received HIV pre-test counseling. Of th...
ABSTRACT Over the recent years, sexual activities among students in Secondary Schools in Nigeria, particularly those in urban areas, are thought to be high and increasing# The resultant unwanted pregnancies and illegal abortions among these young unmarried population are creating social and health problems (Nichols, et al, 1986). According to previous research findings, included in the causative factors responsible for this unfortunate situation, cure the problems of poor knowledge of Family ...
ABSTRACT In recent years, mortality due to leptospirosis in dogs has been of major concern in Southwestern Nigeria, but the prevalent serovars, pathology and pathogenesis have not been fully documented. The purpose of this study was to investigate the disease in the dog and reservoir hosts (cattle and wild rats), and its pathogenesis and pathology in a guinea pig model. Between 2003 and 2010, 44 fresh and 60 formalin-fixed kidneys of tentatively diagnosed cases of canine leptospirosis o...
ABSTRACT The seed oil of Leuconia leucocephala was investigated for its antimicrobial activity and the pharmaceutical properties of its lotion formulation determined. The oil was extracted from the pulverised dried seeds of the Leuconia leucocephala plant by cold maceration in n-hexane. The oil was tested against four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Esherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and four fungi (Aspergilus niger, Rhizopus stolon, Penicillum notatum and Cand...
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioadhesive properties of native and modified cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) starches. The methods of modification were by pregelatinisation and acetylation. The starch particles were evaluated for characteristics like particle size, swelling ability, viscosity, and mucoadhesion. The mucoadhesive evaluation of the starches were done using the rotating cylinder methods in 0.1M HCl and Phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to simulate the st...
Abstract Plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration, or viral load, is an indication of the magnitude of virus replication and largely correlates with disease progression in an infected person. It is a very useful guide for initiation of therapy and monitoring of response to antiretroviral drugs. Although the majority of patients who are not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a high viral load, a small proportion of ART naive patients are known to maintain low levels or even undetectable viral load lev...
Abstract Bilayer tablets of aceclofenac sodium were developed using carboxymethylated whit yam (Dioscorea rotundata) starch (CWY) for a fast release layer (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% w/w), and acid-hydrolyzed bitter yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) starch (ABY) for a sustaining layer (27% w/w). Sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC)were used as standards.The starches were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), particle size, swelling power, densi...
Hypertension is a multifactorial disorder because of the interaction of risk genes and environmental factors. Angiotensin II is a well-known vasoconstrictor that exerts most of its influence through the angiotensin Il type 1 receptor. The A1166C polymorphism is a single base substitution of adenine for cytosine at position 1i66 in the 3 untranslated region of the gene. There are conflicting reports on the association of the Al166C polymorphism with cardiovascular diseases such as prevalent hy...
ABSTRACT Water pans are excavated earth with embankments used as boundaries that are used to harvest surface runoff. Water pans are the main sources of water for domestic purposes in arid and semi-arid lands, however, lack of protection and water treatment of this water sources exposes the dependent communities to human health problems. This study sought to assess the microbiological water quality of water pans in relation to prevalent water-related diseases in the study area. This was achie...
ABSTRACT Adolescent pregnancy is an important public health problem on the increase in Nigeria. Few studies have investigated the circumstances and factors associated with parental decisions taken following an adolescent pregnancy, in spite of the implications of these on the adolescent. This study was designed to assess factors influencing parents‟/guardians‟ decisions on adolescent pregnancy. A mixed method study involving the use of Key Informant Interviews (KII) and semi-structure...
ABSTRACT This study sort to examine the effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) on pain intensity (PI), occurrence and control of negative thoughts in response to pain (OCNT) and quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer patients who were experiencing physical pain. A pretest post-test control group quasi- experjmental research design was utilised. Ninety patients with breast cancer who were; experiencing physical pain were randomly assigned to three groups. Experimental group I received ...
ABSTRACT Accessibility to potable water is a fundamental right for dignity and well-being. In spite of this observation, over 1.1 billion people lack access to safe drinking water. This is particularly true in the Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia regions. The main aim of this study was to Assess Water and Sanitation Accessibility and Prevalence of water-related diseases in Marigat town Baringo County, Kenya. The study employed a Cross-sectional household survey. Stratified random sampl...
ABSTRACT Background: Studies have shown Hepatitis E Virus to be a causative agent of acute and chronic hepatitis in severely immunocompromised patients such as organ transplant recipients and person with HIV infection. This study was de- signed to determine the burden of HEV infection among HIV positive individuals in Nigeria and the effect of HIV treatment on the burden of HEV infection among this group of patients. Methods: Aliquot of plasma samples collected for laboratory investigations...
ABSTRACT In West Africa, artisanal gold mining competes with agriculture, more specifically crop farming and livestock keeping. Mali is not an exceptional to this observation. In Sikasso region, women and youths have been reported to abandon agricultural activities for artisanal gold mining. It is against this background that this study was conducted to assess the factors that influenced households to be engaged in artisanal gold mining, to evaluate its impacts on water quality, subsistence ...