Indoor Air Pollution is the result of combustion of biomass fuels, which leads to 3-4 million deaths worldwide and 500,000 deaths in Africa annually. Indoor air pollution is known to cause respiratory illnesses among children under-5. In Nakuru 39.4% of urban dwellers live below the national poverty line of KSH 2,913 per person per month, thus their accessibility to energy sources is limited to charcoal, paraffin, and other biomass. The objective of this study was to assess the influence...
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of axial T2 and axial 3D FIESTA magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences in the evaluation of cervical spondylosis.The specific objectives were to: (i) compare the accuracy of axial T2 and axial 3D FIESTA MRI sequences in the diagnosis of cervical spondylosis, (ii) compare the quality of images (signal-tonoise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio and artefact due to flow) produced from both sequences and (iii) ascertain the associati...
Abstract This study assessed the nutritional status and cognitive performance of preschool children aged 3-5 years in urban and rural areas of Nsukka in Enugu State, Nigeria. A total of 400 pre-school children aged 3-5 years were involved. Four schools in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State were selected by multistage sampling technique. Two schools each were randomly selected from the list of schools in the Nsukka rural and urban areas. The study collected data on child related fact...
It is generally accepted that escalating concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are driving changes in climate patterns. Policy mechanisms such as ‘Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation’ (or REDD+) aim to reduce CO2 levels in the atmosphere through compensating landowners to manage their land as carbon sinks. However, for such a scheme to succeed accurate quantification and reporting of the sequestered carbon must be conducted using verifiable metho...
Abstract Background: High rate of motor vehicle accidents have been associated with poor vision. Studies on drivers from elsewhere other than health institutions have found abnormal visual activities. The aim of this study is to determine prevalence of refractive errors and the attitude to spectacle wear among drivers of public institutions studied. Methods: A cross sectional population study of all 99 motor vehicle drivers from the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University Co...
ABSTRACT The various institutions offering nursing programmes have continued to witness very low male enrollment while female enrollment continue to increase. This situation created the problem of sex stereotype, gender bias and lack of professional autonomy which could have been addressed if men were well represented in nursing profession. This work therefore was aimed at determining the factors restraining choice of nursing as a career among male SSSIII students in Enugu Urban. The specifi...
ABSTRACT With the global trend towards an increasing aging population, there is a corresponding increase in the health problems associated with elderly population especially in developing Countries including Nigeria. With this increase in the growth of the aging population, the number of people that will need health care will undoubtedly increase, which motivated this study. The study was aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of care of the elderly patients among heal...
Plastic waste has been and still is a major challenge and concern globally but more so in the developing countries. Plastic has been shown to impact negatively on marine life morespecifically marine animals. Watamu ward, in Kilifi County, Kenya, is an important breeding ground for the critically endangered turtles and is being affected by plastic waste. The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics, disposal methods and management of plastic waste in Watamu, in order to contri...
Abstract This study assessed the barriers to maintenance of vaccine cold chain among primary health care workers in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive cross sectional design. From a target population of 267 health workers in health centres in Enugu Metropolis, a sample size of 176 health workers who met the inclusion criteria were selected for this study. Data were collected using two instruments: a 41 item researcher-developed questionnaire used to elicit information...
Safe drinking water is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as water that meets WHO guidelines or national standards for physical, chemical and microbial characteristics. Microbial contamination of drinking water can cause diarrheal and other waterborne diseases that cause morbidity and even mortality. Sanitary surveys which are observational checklists highlighting potential risks of contamination can be used because they are easier to implement than microbiological testing. T...
ABSTRACT The solubility of gentamicin in various formulation vehicles (oils, surfactants and co-surfactants) was determined using the shake flask method. Emulsifying ability of the surfactants for the selected oil was screened. Different SNEF prototypes were developed following the construction of ternary phase diagrams using water titration method. The effect of drug and other additives on the ternary phase diagrams were studied and the selected formulations were optimized. Optimized formul...
ABSTRACT The basic needs of people such as safe drinking water, improved hygiene and sanitation must be fulfilled for a dignified life of human beings. However, this has not been the case in Isiolo County where there is rampant practice of open defecation and reliance on unprotected water sources for drinking purposes, with little or no regard to adequate drinking water treatment handling and storage. This study sought to establish the contribution of faecal disposal practices among resident...
ABSTRACT The general objective was to evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma species to promote the growth of tomato and to manage late blight disease under in vitro and in vivo conditions. A collection of 18 Trichoderma spp. were isolated from two commercial products (Trichotech® and Trianum-P®) that should have the antagonistic species Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma harzianum respectively. Cultural and molecular approaches were used to characterize the products. Differences on the g...
ABSTRACT The susceptibility, clinical signs, distribution and persistence of lesions of a local Nigeria velogenic Newcastle disease virus (VNDV) strain (KUDU 113) were studied in 6 week old chickens bursectomised by treatment with cyclophosphamide on days 2, 3 and 4 post-hatch. Following intramuscular inoculation, depression, muscle tremor, greenish diarrhea and paralysis were observed in the bursectomised infected (BI) chickens while severe depression, whitish to greenish diarrhea, listless...
ABSTRACT Pharmaceuticals are critical in maintaining the health of people and improving the quality of life for millions of Kenyans, but not all pharmaceuticals dispensed are consumed. They become waste when they are no longer usable for intended purpose or are being discarded for other reasons such as contamination and expiration. Improperly disposed pharmaceuticals end up in garbage collection centres and water purification systems which are not sufficiently equipped to manage this form of ...