Research Papers/Topics in Analytical Chemistry

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The pharmaceutical develops, produces, and markets drug licensed for use as medications. They are subjected to variety of laws and regulations of the government regarding the patenting, testing, pricing and ensuring safety and efficacy and marketing of drugs. The study of sorption of rifampicin in the leaching to contaminate the under-ground water has been the concerns of researchers in the world and many results and finding has been put in place. The environment is increasingly being recogni...

Repellency Efficacy of Essential Oils of Selected Plants Growing in Western Kenya and their Eag-active Constituent Blends against Anopheles Gambiae

Abstract: Control of disease vectors by use of synthetic chemical pesticides has been associated with a series of problems, including resistance development, environmental pollution, and safety risks for humans and domestic animals. Plant-based products have been used for generations in traditional practices to control different arthropods. These have been used in space or personal protection either to repel the arthropods from distance or to deter them from blood-feeding on contact. In the ...

Heavy Metals in Sugarcane Juice and Soils: a Comparative Study of Part of Nairobi River Basin and Nyahururu Farms

Abstract: The contamination of food is increasingly becoming a concern in developing countries due to the mounting amounts of heavy metals in urban environments. Juices are common beverages in the usual diet and contribute significantly to the nutritional intake of essential and harmful trace elements. Currently, there is inadequate information regarding the amounts of heavy metals in juice from sugarcane produced along rivers in Nairobi city. In the present study, the levels of heavy metals...

Analysis of Metabolite Compounds in Ruminants and their Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Emission

Abstract: Ruminants such as cattle, goats, sheep, and camels host highly diverse microbial communities in their rumens that ferment fibrous plant materials to produce energy. However, this fermentation process also generates significant amounts of volatile organic compounds and greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, which are released into the environment through various excretion routes. The accumulation of these gases in the atmosphere contributes to global warming and clima...

Comparative Determination of the Extracting Efficacies of Hexane and Ethanol on Phytochemical Parameters of Momordica Charantia Leaves and Stems

Green leaves and stems have a quite high quantity of water and it’s difficult to obtained an accurate solvent to extract the constituents from the aqueous cells. So the choices of solvent to be used may determine the success of the extraction. In this research work two different solvents were used to extract photochemical parameters in Momordica charantia leaves and stems. The phyto constituents extracted by the solvents from the leaves and stems of M.charantia was compared. In a nutshe...

Analysis of Purity and SO2 levels in Sugar

An analysis of the purity and sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels in various sugar brands was conducted between January and November 2020.  The SO2 levels in the sugar samples were determined using the rapid iodometric titration method, which involved titrating the samples with iodine solution to measure the SO2 content. The color of the sugar samples was analyzed using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 420 nm, and the color was assessed based on absorbance values.  Based on the results, it is...

Sustainable Application of Chitosan for Water Purification

ABSTRACT Alum (potassium aluminum sulfate-K+Al3+ (SO42-) 2), ferrous sulfate (Fe2+ SO42-), ferric chloride (Fe2+2Cl-) and ferric chloro-sulfate (Fe2+Cl-SO42-) were commonly used as coagulants. However, a possible link of Alzheimer’s disease with conventional aluminum based coagulants and other adverse bioaccumulation cases associated with heavy metal have become an issue in wastewater treatment. Hence, special attention has shift towards using biodegradable polymer like chitosan in treatme...

Leachate, Groundwater, Surface Stream, Treated Water and Soil Characteristics of the Vicinity of a Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite at Uyo Metropolis, Akwa – Ibom State, Nigeria.

Abstract These findings documented the physical, chemical and heavy metal contents in leachate, borehole water, surface stream, treated water and soil samples around the municipal solid waste dumpsite at Uyo metropolis, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria. Samples were collected during the wet and dry seasons 2010/2011. The samples were analysed for the following parameters: heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb), anions (PO3 4,SO2- 4,Cl- , NO3, NH+ 4-N), essential metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg), total disso...

Characterisation of the Compounds of the Ethylacetate Extract of the Leaves of Alstonia Boonei De Wild and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potentials

ABSTRACT Dried and pulverised leaves of A. boonei De Wild (Apocynacea) were extracted using methanol for 48 h. The methanol extract obtained was defatted using n-hexane and fractionated using ethylacetate. The ethyl acetate fraction of the extract was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) in silica gel using gradients of hexane-ethyl acetate. The VLC fractions were further separated on Sephadex LH-20. A total of 10 compounds were successfully isolated and purified using the reverse ...

Spectrophotometric Determination of Paracetamol Using Zirconium (Iv) Oxide and Ammonium Trioxovanadate (V)

ABSTRACT A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of paracetamol was explored, using zirconium(IV) and vanadium(V) oxides. The method was based on the oxidation of paracetamol by zirconium(IV) and vanadium(V) in alkaline and acidic media respectively. The stoichiometric studies indicated a mole-ratio of 1:1 for the reactions of paracetamol with both zirconium(IV) and vanadium(V). Effects of other variables like pH, temperature and time were determined and showed ...

Spectrophotometric Determination of Niacin, Thiamine, Glibenclamide, Erythromycin and Para Amino Benzoic Acid Using 2, 3 – Dichloro – 5, 6 – Dicyano – 1, 4 – Benzoquinone

ABSTRACT A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for the assay of the drugs; niacin, glibenclamide, erythromycin, thiamine and 4-aminobenzoic acid. The method is based on charge transfer complexation (CT) reaction of niacin, glibenclamide, erythromycin, thiamine and 4-aminobenzoic acid as n-electron donors with 2,3- dichloro-5,6-dicyno-1,4-benzoquinone(DDQ) as л-electron acceptor in methanol. Intensely coloured charge transfer complexes with niacin (reddish brown, lmax ...

Chemical and Microbial Assessment of Ground and ·Surface Water Quality in Bwari Area Council, Abuja

ABSTRACT The Chemical and miCrobial assessment of water quality was investigated with a view to obtain a qualitative and quantitative information on the state of drinking water in Bwari Area Council of Abuja., which. is known for its poor sanitary conditions. Samples of water were collected from boreholes., wells and stream from selected sites and analyzed using standard methods of water analysis. The test result showed higher levels of Mn., Zn, Fe., and Ni in both ground and surface water.,...

Determination of Heavy Metals Levels in the Effluent Treatment Plant of Paint and Coating Industry in Nairobi County

ABSTRACT Industrialization and urbanization has increased tremendously in the last few years, especially in underdeveloped countries, such as Kenya. This has resulted in rising demand for certain aesthetic goods such as paints and coatings. Paint and coating industries use extensive raw materials in their manufacturing processes that consist of heavy metals, various solvents, and organic compounds. The wastewater released from these industries contains residual chemicals that are highly ...

Determination of Vanillin and its Adulterants in Consumer Ice cream using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography

AbstractThe paper focuses on the determination of the concentration of vanillin in six types of ice creams purchased from supermarkets Aldi and Sainsbury’s. Similar areas of research haven’t calculated the extraction efficiencies of their proposed methods. In addition to there being no extensive attempts to determine if any adulterants within the selected vanilla ice creams are present. 

An Assessment Of Ph, Toxic And Essential Plant Elements In Greywater From Selected Households In Kenyatta University, Kenya

Kenya is experiencing acute water shortage resulting to water rationing, conflict among water users, increased water prices among others. Therefore, there is need for water conservation. One of the water conservation methods available today is greywater reuse. Greywater is domestic wastewater generated from kitchens, bathrooms, and laundry activities. According to World Health Organization (WHO) each household in capital cities of most countries produces an average greywater flow of 356 litre...


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