Research Papers/Topics in Biomedical Engineering

Sweat sensors in the smart wearables era - A Review

In recent years, there has been significant interest in developing wearable devices to mimic the integrated sensing of life forms, which enhances their performance and survival capabilities. Progress in the development of physical sensors and wearable electronics has been promising, leading to numerous consumer products that measure activity, posture, heart rate, respiration rate, and blood oxygen level. Despite the challenges in retrieving and processing bodily fluids, wearable chemical sens...

Effect of Magnetic field on Micro-organisms

  This study uses the model organism, C. elegans, to investigate its sensitivity and response to static magnetic fields. Wild-type C. elegans are put into microfluidic channels and exposed to permanent magnets for five cycles of thirty-second time intervals at field strengths ranging from 5 milli Tesla to 120 milli Tesla. Recorded and analyzed with custom software, the results of the worm's movement - the average velocity, turning and curling percentage - were compared to control experiments...

Worm Egg Counting using Machine learning

To evaluate the level of infestation of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, in the field, egg population densities are determined from soil samples. Sucrose centrifugation is a common technique for separating debris from the extracted SCN eggs. We have developed a procedure, however, that employs OptiPrep as a density gradient medium, with improved extraction and recovery of the eggs compared to the sucrose centrifugation technique. Also, we have built computerized methods t...

Paralysis modes of worms in drugs

The emergence of new drugs is often driven by the escalating resistance of parasites to existing drugs and the accessibility of more advanced technology platforms. Microfluidic devices have allowed for quicker testing of compounds, regulated sampling/sorting of entire animals, and automated behavioral pattern detection. In the majority of microfluidic devices, the effects of drugs on small animals (e.g. Caenorhabditis elegans)elegant are quantified by an endpoint, dose response curve that sho...

Modes of paralysis of worms in anthelmintic drugs

The emergence of new drugs is often driven by the escalating resistance of parasites to existing drugs and the accessibility of more advanced technology platforms. Microfluidic devices have allowed for quicker testing of compounds, regulated sampling/sorting of entire animals, and automated behavioral pattern detection. In the majority of microfluidic devices, the effects of drugs on small animals (e.g. Caenorhabditis elegans)elegant are quantified by an endpoint, dose response curve that sho...

Microfluidic Chip for Culturing Gene-Edited Bacteria

By utilizing a low-cost engineering tool, we have created a microfluidic platform to study bacteria at the single cell level, allowing us to unlock insights into microbial physiology and genetics that would otherwise not be possible. The platform is composed of 3D devices made of adhesive tapes, an agarose membrane as the resting substrate, a temperature-controlled environmental chamber, and an autofocusing module. With this technology, we have been able to observe Escherichia coli morphologi...

Wearable devices at Work

The effects of the workplace on the safety, health, and productivity of personnel can be seen at various levels. To protect and boost general worker health, innovative hardware and software tools have been developed for the detection, elimination, substitution, and regulation of occupational hazards. Wearable technologies make it possible for constant tracking of workers and their environment, whereas connected worker solutions provide contextual information and support for decision-making. H...

Video Capsule Endoscopy : A Review of Technologies

In this review, we focus on the hardware and software technologies used for the purpose of gastrointestinal tract monitoring in a safe and comfortable manner. We review the FDA guidelines for ingestible wireless telemetric medical devices, and the features incorporated in capsule systems such as microrobotics, closed-loop feedback, physiological sensing, nerve stimulation, sampling and delivery, panoramic imaging and rapid reading software. Both experimental and commercialized capsule systems...

Animal Behavior Sensing Electronics

We propose a remote monitoring device for measuring behavioral indicators like posture, gait, vocalization, and external temperature which can help in evaluating the health and welfare of pigs. The multiparameter electronic sensor board was tested in a laboratory and on animals. Machine learning algorithms and decision support tools can be used to detect lameness, lethargy, pain, injury, and distress. The roadmap for technology adoption, potential benefits, and further challenges are discusse...

Electrical field effects on micro-organisms

We present the NERV, a nonmechanical, unidirectional valve, to control the locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegant (C. elegans) in microfluidic devices. This valve is created by establishing a region of lateral electric field which can be toggled between on and off states. We observed that C. elegans do not prefer to advance into this region when the field lines are facing their movement, so when they reach the boundary of the NERV, they partway enter the field, retreat, and switch direction. We...

Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes

It is becoming more essential to identify and recognize the phenotypes of anti-parasitic drug-resistant isolates. Current molecular methods of doing so are restricted. In this paper, we showcase a microfluidic bioassay to measure phenotype using parameters of nematode locomotion, using larvae of the animal parasite Oesophagostomum dentatum. Parameters of sinusoidal movement, including propagation speed, wavelength, wave amplitude, and oscillation frequency, were dependent on the levamisole-se...

Robotic Manipulator using an Inductive Sensor

This project involves the use of an inductive sensor to control a robotic arm system. The signals generated in the induction coil will help in controlling the manipulator to perform certain gripping and grabbing actions. Also, the report describes the method used to acquire and process these induced signals before they are sent (induced signals) to the manipulator through the help of two programmed microcontrollers.

A Hybrid Technique for Speckle Noise Reduction in ultrasound images

Abstract In the field of biomedical imaging, Ultrasound is an incontestable vital tool for diagnosis, it provides in non-invasive manner the internal structure of the body to detect eventually diseases or abnormalities tissues. These images are obtained with a simple linear or sector scan US probe, which show a granular appearance called speckle. . Unfortunately, the presence of speckle noise affects edges and fine details which limit the contrast resolution and make diagnostic more difficult...

Comparative Studies of Needle Free Injection Systems and Hypodermic Needle Injection: A Global Perspective

Needle-free injection (NFI) is a novel transdermal either intramuscularly or subcutaneously drug delivery system, where innovative ways to introduce a variety of medicines like as antibiotics, iron, or vaccines comfortably, accurately, easily and rapidly without, piercing the skin compared to traditional needle. While hypodermic needle is inject substances into body by intradermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, etc or extract fluids from the body body, for example taking blood fro...

Design and Implementation of a Mechanical Ventilator

Africa’s healthcare system is challenged by inadequate medical equipment, stemming from the fact that it does not manufacture its own medical devices but depends mostly on used medical equipment donations, many of which do not function and require extensive repairs. The World Health Organization estimates that 50 to 80 percent of medical equipment in developing countries are not working, therefore creating a barrier in the health system delivery of health services.  Mechanical ventilators ...


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