ABSTRACT The control of the distillation unit in Khartoum refinery, by keeping the operating conditions in certain limits is essential to adjust disturbances which lead to deviation from the desired values. The aim of this work is to select the suitable controller and the appropriate tuning method. The control loops are designed depending upon controllability and performance. These loops were Control of furnace temperature, Control of interface level at reflux drum, Control of level at stri...
ABSTRACT The reactivation of spent FCC catalyst for its application in the adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater was investigated in this research. The most effective reactivation route of spent FCC catalyst was the oxidation of the spent FCC catalyst using hydrogen peroxide at an oxidant-to-catalyst ratio of 16 ml/g, contact time of 60 minutes and a temperature of 90oC, followed by treatment with acetic acid solution at an acid-to-catalyst ratio of 20 ml/g, 75 minutes contact time and a...
A method to create smart and flexible switches for the regulation of liquid flow across multiple channels is essential in paper microfluidics. Prior approaches are hampered by long response times, high actuation fluid volumes, and external control circuitry. To diminish these problems, we designed a distinctive actuator device fashioned entirely from chromatography paper and featuring folds. The fold can be selectively wetted by an actuation fluid at either the crest or trough, resulting in t...
The emergence of new drugs is often driven by the escalating resistance of parasites to existing drugs and the accessibility of more advanced technology platforms. Microfluidic devices have allowed for quicker testing of compounds, regulated sampling/sorting of entire animals, and automated behavioral pattern detection. In the majority of microfluidic devices, the effects of drugs on small animals (e.g. Caenorhabditis elegans)elegant are quantified by an endpoint, dose response curve that sho...
We have created a microfluidic system that is open and lets us dispense and control discrete droplets on flat plastic sheets. To do this, a superhydrophobic material is sprayed on pre-made plastic sheets and hydrophilic symbols are printed onto them with an inkjet printer. The patterned plastic sheets are connected to a two-axle tilting platform, which is powered by stepper motors, and gives the droplets a mechanical movement. We have tested multiple droplet operations, such as; delivery of d...
Multiphase slug flow is going to be analysed while focusing on how pressure is lost and monitoring the velocity profiles. The problem involved in a multiphase flow is by far more complex than that which could be observed in a single phase flow. The fluid coming from the wellbore and onto the first part of the separator is conventionally a two phase flow of liquid/gas (air and silicone oil in this study). Using large diameter pipe and industrial based fluids, focus would be laid on flow direct...
Apparatus , methods , and systems for automated liquid drop let manipulation include an open droplet supporting surface. An actuator can translate the surface in space with at least one degree freedom of movement to influence movement of one or more droplets on the surface . In one embodiment , the surface is patterned with areas that attract the droplets and interstitial areas that repel the droplets to enhance transport of droplets . For example , for water - based droplets the attr...
In recent years, there has been significant interest in developing wearable devices to mimic the integrated sensing of life forms, which enhances their performance and survival capabilities. Progress in the development of physical sensors and wearable electronics has been promising, leading to numerous consumer products that measure activity, posture, heart rate, respiration rate, and blood oxygen level. Despite the challenges in retrieving and processing bodily fluids, wearable chemical sens...
Previous studies have produced mixed results on the influence of magnetic fields on the fermentation kinetics and growth of various types of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We carried out two experiments to assess the role of magnetic fields on cell growth and ethanol production during fermentation. The first of these experiments took place for 25 h, with a dextrose loading rate of 2%, and the magnetic fields were both homogeneous and non-homogeneous with intensities of 100 and 200 mT. The second e...
A method to create smart and flexible switches for the regulation of liquid flow across multiple channels is essential in paper microfluidics. Prior approaches are hampered by long response times, high actuation fluid volumes, and external control circuitry. To diminish these problems, we designed a distinctive actuator device fashioned entirely from chromatography paper and featuring folds. The fold can be selectively wetted by an actuation fluid at either the crest or trough, resulting in t...
An open microfluidic system has been developed to dispense and manipulate individual droplets on plastic sheets. Superhydrophobic material is applied to the surface of obtainable plastic sheets by spraying, then hydrophilic symbols are printed with an inkjet printer. The plastic sheets are connected to a two-axis tilting platform driven by stepper motors, which produces mechanical agitation enabling droplet transport. The system has been demonstrated to carry out various droplet operations, s...
In this paper, we explore the use of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (lPADs) to study the behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans. We show how these devices can be fabricated on paper and plastic substrates, as well as how to load, visualize, and transfer single and multiple nematodes. We also demonstrate the use of anthelmintic drug, levamisole, to perform chemical testing on C. elegans. Furthermore, we provide a custom program that is able to recognize individual worms on the lPADs i...
Bacterial populations grown in a lab environment are typically seen as homogeneous in terms of growth rate, size, and content. However, recent findings have shown that even during exponential growth phase, these cells can be heterogeneous. This has important consequences for how bacteria respond to stressors such as antibiotics. For example, the concept of antimicrobial persistence is linked to a small subpopulation of cells that enter a dormant state where antibiotics are no longer effective...
ABSTRACT The analysis of macro and trace elements in selected snacks available in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria showed varied concentrations of the essential elements (Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mg, Ca, K, Na, Mn, Cr) and non-essential elements (Pb, Cd, Hg, Co) in the fifteen different samples (Meat-pie, Bread, Cake, Doughnut, Scotched egg, Sausage, Samosa, Spring Roll, Scones, Egg Roll, Akara, Buns, Okpa, Fish Roll, Chicken pie) analyzed. Potassium and Sodium were determined using Flam...
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE Natural Gas Dehydration TEG PROCESS DESCRIPTION Modeling the Dehydration Process in Aspen HYSYS Aspen Report of Absorber and Regenerator Model Configuration Run a Case Study to Identify Possible Process Improvements Graph and Results Conclusion References Abstract Dehydration process is an important focal unit in offshore gas processing to avoid industrial problems accompanied by hydrated gas processing ...