Research Papers/Topics in Nuclear Sciences

Intercomparison of Performance Characteristics of Oslds and Tlds Used for Individual Monitoring

ABSTRACT This research work performed an intercomparison on some important performance characteristics of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry systems used by dosimetry services in Gabon and Ghana, respectively. The study verified the status of the selected performance indicators and propose ways to improve the performances of individual monitoring services of Ghana and Gabon if found necessary. The performance indicators assessed included the zero - ...

Hydro geochemical Characterization of the Rocks of the Accra Plains for a Radioactive Waste Repository

Abstract The geological disposal of radioactive waste in well-engineered repositories in stable geological formations has been internationally accepted as a suitable option. The disposal system makes use of both man-made and natural barriers to contain and isolation the radionuclides. Precambrian crystalline rocks are regarded as one of the favorable host rocks for a radioactive waste repository. Hydro geochemical characterization of the rocks of the Accra Plains, located in the south easter...

Evaluation of Safety Parameters for Gharr-1 After Nineteen (19) Years of Operation

ABSTRACT Evaluation of safety parameters of GHARR-1 after nineteen years of operation was performed and are presented herein. This work serves as an input into periodic evaluations of safety parameters. Due to fuel depletion, the excess reactivity for GHARR1 drops to the allowed lower limit of 2.3 mk from 4 mk in about 2 years. Beryllium is added to the top shim tray of the core to compensate for reactivity loss. The addition of beryllium to the top of the core requires evaluations of safety...

Comparative Study of Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrum Deconvolution: PyMCA and WinAxil

ABSTRACT A comparative study of spectrum deconvolution and quantitative analysis between PyMCA & WinAxil has been undertaken. Standard spectra of X-ray Kα lines (Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr & Y) & Lα lines (Ce, Sm, Dy, Ta, W, Hg & U) were fitted with both software; also spectra of three soil samples were fitted with both software. Intensities of the elements of the standard spectra were obtained from the results of the fitting using both software and comparisons were made separately for...

Studies of Essential and Non-Essential Elements in Cereal Based Weaning Foods for Infants Commercially Available on the Ghanaian Market

ABSTRACT Cereal-based weaning foods, which abound on the Ghanaian market, are nutritionally vital in the growth and development of infants. Recent reports in scientific literature however indicate that rice and other cereals used in the manufacture of the weaning foods contribute significantly to the intake of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) by infants. In view of this, frequent monitoring of the cereal-based weaning foods has become imperative. The study assessed the beneficial hea...

Assessment Of Radiological Doses Associated With Natural Radioactivity From Soil In The Communities Close To Uranium Mines In Namibia

ABSTRACT Primordial radionuclides are ubiquitous in the environment and they exist in different ranges of concentration levels in minerals. Some human activities such as uranium mining can result in a rise of concentration of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and lead to exposure conditions. This necessitates a need to radiologically map and determine the extent of exposure of people who work in the mines and communities that live nearby as they can be the primary exposed popu...

Assessment Of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials And Trace Elements In Playgrounds Of Selected Basic Schools In The Ga East Municipal District, Accra, Ghana

ABSTRACT The 235U, 232Th series and natural 40K are the main source of natural radioactivity in soil and have long half-lives up to 1010 years. Therefore their presence in soils and rocks is simply considered as permanent. Also due to rapid urbanization, most of Basic School playgrounds in Accra are built close to major roads or industrial areas for which they are subject to many potential pollution sources, including vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions.. A study has been carried out on...

Using Ultrasonic Testing in Determining the Degree of Symmetry of a Steel Slab

Abstract This work aims and explaining scientifically that Non- destructive testing plays an important role in the quality control of a product. It is used during all the stages of manufacturing of the products. It decreases the cost of the product by reducing scrap and conserving materials, labor and energy. NDT is used for detecting the leakage in pipelines for oil and natural gas, oil tankers, aero planes, aero space, measuring the thickness of steel and alloys. The methods of NDT r...

Use Of Gamma Rays In The Medical Field

Table of Contents Content Page Preface i Dedication ii Acknowledgements iii Table Of Contents iv Chapter One: Research plan 1 Introduction 1 Problem of The Research 1 Importance of The Research 1 Objectives of The Research 1 Content ofThe Research 2 Chapter Two: Ionizing Radiation 3 Definition 3 Types of Ionizing Radiation 3 Penetration of Ionizing Radiation 6 Physical Effects 7 Uses 10 Background Radiation 10 Radiation Exposure 10 Occupational Exposure 11 Public Exposure 11 Chapter Three: Ga...

An Evaluation Of The Natural Radioactivity In The Soils Of Okahandja And Karibib, Namibia

ABSTRACT The natural radioactivity and associated hazards in the soils of the towns of Karibib and Okahandja have been studied by gamma spectroscopy. Each town was divided into ten geographical areas and five soil samples were collected across each area. These samples were processed and placed in well-labelled 500 ml plastic bottles. A High Purity Germanium detector (HPGe) was used to measure the gamma ray spectra of the samples. The intensities of selected gamma lines were used to calculate ...

Assessment Of Natural Radioactivity In The Soils Of The Ohorongo Cement Plant And The Town Of Otavi, Namibia

ABSTRACT The activity concentrations of the naturally occurring radionuclides 238U, 232Th, and 40K in soil samples collected from the Ohorongo Cement plant and the town of Otavi, Namibia have been determined using a High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. In addition, an assessment of the radiological hazards due to these natural radionuclides in the soils of the plant and town was carried out. The plant was divided into three geographical areas, and fifty soil samples were collected across th...

Resting Behaviour of Endophilic Anopheline Vectors in Three Ecological Zones of Southern Ghana and its Implications for the use of Entomopathogenic Fungi

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the resting behaviour and factors that influence the choice of resting sites by endophilic anopheline mosquitoes in southern Ghana. The study was carried out in six villages across three ecological zones of southern Ghana, including: the forest ecological zone (FEZ), the coastal savannah ecological zone (CSEZ) and the forest-transition ecological zone (FTEZ). For every mosquito collected, the indoor resting sites was characterised and microclima...

Hydrogeochemical And Isotopic Studies Of Groundwater In Coastal Aquifers Of Ghana: Case Study In The Central Region

ABSTRACT The major setback in the exploitation of groundwater in the Central Region of Ghana is poor water qualitydue to high salinity. The source of salinity has not been adequately addressed. The focus of this study was, therefore,to understandthe hydrogeochemical processes occurring in the study area in order to determine the origin of salinity and groundwater residence time. The methodology involved desk study, fieldwork, and laboratory work. The desk study comprised review of literature,...

Design And Production Of A Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell For The Production Of Brown’s Gas

ABSTRACT The use of petroleum products (fossil fuels) has raised a lot of environmental concerns over the past years. This is due to the fact that most of the machines and devices manufactured are engineered to use these conventional fuels which include petrol, diesel and natural gas. However, these fuels substances pollute and deteriorate the quality of the environment. Some of these pollutants include sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and ozone. These gases are called gre...

Assessing the Effectiveness of Limestone from Oterkpolu Area in the Eastern region of Ghana as a Suitable Adsorbent for Water Defluoridation

ABSTRACT Fluoride-contamination of groundwater [above the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limit of 1.5 mg/L] in the Upper East and Northern regions of Ghana is a well-known problem. Fluoride is, however, beneficial to humans if present in drinking water at levels between 0.7 – 1.5 mg/L. Although, there are some efficient methods for defluoridation of drinking water using various adsorbents, the magnitude of the problem has made it imperative to develop economically viable water ...


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