ABSTRACT This work aimed to study the effects of crude oil variation on the performance of a crude distillation unit (CDU). CDUs are generally designed for specific type of crude oil. However, the crude oil varies with time as a natural result of continuous reservoir depletion. The CDU of Khartoum refinery was taken as a case study. Data covering the period 2002 to 2012 was collected. The collected data include crude oil assay, feed and products flow rate, and CDU design and operation data. ...
This study used natural extracts from Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna), Terminalia catappa L. (Tropical Almond), and Mangifera indica L. (Mango) as photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. The mango and tropical almond extracts were extracted using ethanol while the henna extract was gotten using alkaline extraction. The choice of extraction solvent was based on the ability to permeate the plant membranes and toxicity of the solvent. This study used TiO2 as the semiconductor material, iodi...