ABSTRACT Prostate carcinoma (PCa) is the leading cancer among middle and elderly men worldwide. It accounts for 15% of all cancer cases and 6.6% of all cancer associated-deaths in men. PCa is a leading cause of cancer burden among men in Africa with Kenya reporting an incidence of 16.6/100,000. The exceedingly high burden of PCa is largely due to lack of population-based screening and delayed diagnosis in the background of genetic and environmental predisposing factors. Histopathological feat...
ABSTRACT Background: Peritonitis is a common surgical condition which can occur either primarily or secondarily to other underlying pathologies including post-operation. Studies show that the major causes of peritonitis are bowels perforations, perforated appendix, volvulus and strangulated bowel. Objective: This study aimed at describing the patterns, and early treatment outcomes of patients with peritonitis at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital. Methods: This was a prospective cross-section...
ABSTRACT Background: Intestinal obstruction is one of the most causes of cause of surgical emergency associated with morbidity and mortality in surgical department. The study aimed to determine the causes and predictors of management outcome in postoperative patients with intestinal obstruction at IRRH. Method: A prospective hospital based study design was used. Duration of the study was six months. The collected data were checked for any inconsistency, coded and entered into SPSS version 20...
ABSTRACT Background: Anastomotic leak following gastrointestinal surgery is the most postoperative complication that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Its burden is high in low and middle income countries likes Tanzania with lack of supportive data on incidence of Anastomotic leak, predictors and outcome. Objective: This study aims to determine the predictors and early outcomes of anastomotic leak among patients who underwent primary bowel resection and anastomosis at Iringa Region...
Table of Contents Declaration Acknowledgements Summary Table of Contents Glossary of molecular Biology Terms Abbreviations List of Figures and Tables Chapter 1: Introduction A. BACKGROUND 1.1 Heart Disease: global and local burden B. DEFINITIONS 1.2 Ischemia 1.2.1 Ischemia and Infarction 1.2.2 Ischemic Damage iI 1 4 8 11 13 17 18 18 20 20 21 1.2.3 Reperfusion Injury 22 1.2.4 IschemiaJReperfusion vs Hypoxia/reoxygenation 23 1.3 Preconditioning Stimuli 1.3.1 Ischemic preconditioning 1.3.2 Pharm...
Abstract Metabolic remodeling is thought to be an important contributor towards the development of various cardiac pathophysiologic conditions. Therefore, studies attempting to delineate undenying mechanisms driving cardiac metabolic remodeling represent an important initiative toward the development of novel therapeutic interventions. To further investigate the role of metabolic substrate switches in the heart, we focused on a pivotal, rate-limiting step of cardiac fatty acid metabolism i.e...
Abstract Introduction: Pregnant women living with HIV are at high risk of transmitting HIV to their infants during pregnancy, birth or through breastfeeding and without any interventions, between 20% and 45% of infants may become infected with an estimated risk of 5- 10% during pregnancy, 10-20% during labour and delivery, and 5-20% through breastfeeding. Objective: This study assessed the prevention of mother to child transmission PMTCT programmes in Enugu hospitals. Method: This was a cross...
ABSTRACT Background: Benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) is a prostatic enlargement associated with the presence of voiding symptoms and/or histological evidence of hyperplasia on biopsy. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is considered the gold standard management for BPH. Despite being one of the common urological procedures in Tanzania, complications of TURP have not been well explored. There was limited published information on the incidence and prevalence of Benign Prostate Hy...
ABSTRACT Background: Children with surgical needs represent a high burden of disease, and lack of access to surgical care continues to threaten the health of millions of children worldwide and limit economic growth and development. Despite these outstanding efforts, failure to notice the need for surgical care for children continues within the global health agenda. Methods: A Hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study in determining the Predictors of Poor Outcome in Emergency Pediatric...
ABSTRACT Background: Chest injuries are among the commonest injuries worldwide, of which the most associated injuries are haemothorax, pneumothorax and haemopneumothorax mostly due to RTC, the productive age male being the most victims. This agrees with my study. In my study, unemployment and low education level have been the most causes. Though some respondents died but a few patients were saved by tube thoracostomy and the use of steroid drugs. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determ...
ABSTRACT Introduction. Burn injury is a highly prevalent problem globally, nationally and locally, burn occurs when hot liquids, hot solids or flames destroy part or all of the cells in the skin or other tissues. With advancements in management of burn, over the last 50 years, infection is now the leading cause of death after extensive burn injuries. Objectives. To determine prevalence, body pattern and bacteriological susceptibility of chronic burn wound at UDOM affiliated teaching hospitals...
ABSTRACT Background: Postoperative pain is the most common complaint by patients after recovery from anesthesia. Several factors cause postoperative pain; it could be preoperative factors, demographic factors, anesthesiologic factors, intraoperative and postoperative factors. The prevalence of postoperative pain is very high in most of the developing countries and the strategies put forward for management have not been very promising. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, p...
ABSTRACT Background: Fluid resuscitation is an extremely important part of patients’ management in clinical settings. Different common surgical conditions e.g. excessive vomiting and acute severe hemorrhage can lead to an increased fluid loss and disturb the patients’ ph ysiological status leading to worse outc omes. Proper fluid administration to a surgica l patient, can lead to patients’ improvement from their illness, and hence reducing morbidity and mortality which are the main prob...
ABSTRACT Background: Anastomotic leak following gastrointestinal surgery is the most postoperative complication that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Its burden is high in low and middle income countries likes Tanzania with lack of supportive data on incidence of Anastomotic leak, predictors and outcome. Objective: This study aims to determine the predictors and early outcomes of anastomotic leak among patients who underwent primary bowel resection and anastomosis at Iringa Regio...
ABSTRACT Background: Burn injury is a significant health problem worldwide, where in Africa, it is estimated that over a million patients are burned annually, wherein in Tanzania, the prevalence is 16%. It contributes to 18% of all hospital admission, with a 6% mortality to 10% (Peden et al., 2008; Roman, Lewis, Kigwangalla, & Wilson, 2012). In addition, the common causes of early (less than 48 hours) mortality and morbidity in burn injury are; burns shock, inhalational injury, and systemic i...