Research Papers/Topics in Applied Chemistry

Immunotoxic effects of force-fed ethephon on model organism Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract: Cytogenotoxic effects of a commercial formulation of ethephon (ETF) and a commercially formulated mixture of ethephon+cyclanilide (ETF+CYC), which are used as plant growth regulators (PGRs) in modern agriculture, were investigated by using the anaphase-telophase chromosome aberration (CA) assay in root meristem cells of Allium cepa L. A. cepa roots were treated with 25 (EC50/2), 50 (EC50), and 100 ppm (EC50×2) of ETF, and with the same concentrations of ETF+CYC, for 24, 48, and 72...

Determination of Styrene Acrylic Resin Composition using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT: Styrene acrylate resin is a versatile material with a wide range of applications. It is used in a variety of products, including paints, coatings, adhesives, and sealants. The determination of styrene acrylate resin in these products is important for quality control and regulatory compliance. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful technique that can be used to determine the concentration of styrene acrylate resin in a variety of matrices. In this study, a...

The Industrial Approach to Chemical Education in Kenyan Universities: A Literature Review

This paper reviews the literature on the industrial approach to chemical education in Kenyan universities. The industrial approach is a pedagogy that seeks to integrate the teaching of chemistry with the needs of industry. This is done by providing students with opportunities to learn about chemistry in a real-world context, such as by working on projects with industrial partners or by conducting internships in the chemical industry. The paper begins by discussing the rationale for the indust...

Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles mediated by natural products of Acanthus senniileaf extract for electrochemical sensing and photocatalytic applications: a comparative study of volume ratios

Determination of various chemical nutrients present within food samples using green nanomodifed carbon paste working electrode (GNM-CPWE) is a novel and cost-effective technique. In addition, wastewater treatment in the presence of high surface area green nanocatalysts attracts researchers worldwide. In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by using Acanthus sennii leaf extract within three volume ratios as 2:3 (40 mL precursor: 60 mL extract), 1:1 (50 mL ...

Biosynthesis and Optimization of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Ocimum lamifolium Leaf Extract for Electrochemical Sensor and Antibacterial Activity

In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using an aqueous extract of the Ocimum lamifolium (O.lamifolium) plant. The I optimal coordinate exchange random response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the effect of the zinc acetate precursor, temperature, and time on ZnO NPs by designing nine runs. From ANOVA analysis, the significance and validity of the designed models showed that the optimal values of the zinc acetate precursor, temperature, and time d...

Latent Fingerprint Enhancement Techniques

Fingerprint (FP) is a global mark used for personal identification. This study reviews recent latent fingerprint (LFP) enhancement techniques  including metal oxides, multi-metal deposition (MMD-I/II/SMD/Au-ASP), optical, chemical, physical, and physicochemical. Furthermore, analytical techniques involved in identification, evaluation, and determination of pieces of evidence, and perpetrators including the SEM, TEM, UV-Vis, IR/NIR, SERS, SKP, DLS, MALDI-MSI, and TD analysis were also dis...

Stimulating Antimicrobial Activity in Aspirin with Psidium guajava and Syzygium aromaticum Extracts against Multi-drug Resistant Salmonella Spp: A Comparative Study of Multiple Combinations

Factors such as gene mutation and transfer, some inappropriate uses and diagnostics, and the prescription of  antibiotics to undiagnosed patients has significantly led to the emergence of drug resistance in bacteria, which is also  hampering our ability to treat infections. As the declines of new antibiotics, scientists and researchers keep trying to  develop or propose some synergistic combinations of antibiotics with medicinal plants extracts in an effort to boost their  antimicrobial a...

Synergistic Combinatorial Strategy for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Clinical Bacteria by Combining Antibiotics with Plant Extracts

Bacteria resistance to antibiotics used for the treatment of infections and diseases is of global concern.Medicinal plants have been used as the primary sources of plants’ active ingredients or lead compounds in drug development. The combination of various antimicrobial agents to obtain a synergistic effect is considered an ideal strategy for combating bacteria resistance. In this work, a constant repetitive synergy in all combinations was achieved by adding 0.3 mL of concentrated tetraoxos...

Corrosion Inhibition of 5-Methyl-2H-imidazol-4-carboxaldehyde and 1H-Indole-3-carboxyaldehyde on Mild Steel in 1.0 M HCl: Gravimetric Method and DFT Study.

Abstract Weight loss and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods were used to study the corrosion inhibition of 5-methyl-2H-imidazol-4-carboxaldehyde and 1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde on mild steel in acid medium. The values of thermodynamic parameters such as free energy of adsorption (ΔGºads), adsorption equilibrium constant (Kads), adsorption entropy (ΔSºads), adsorption enthalpy (ΔHºads) and activation energy (Ea) were calculated and discussed. The adsorption process on mild steel surf...

Levels Of Selected Essential Elements In Four Parts Of Three Varieties Of Watermelons Sold In Githurai And Mwea Markets In Kenya

Watermelons belong to the family cucurbitaceous, they are fruits like cantaloupe, pumpkin and similar to plants that grow on vines on the ground. There are over 1,200 varieties of watermelons in the world, several of these varieties have been recommended for Kenya range of climate, however only three varieties are commercially grown in Kenya namely; the Charleston Grey (Sugar F1), Crimson sweet (Zebra) and Sugar baby. Watermelon has four distinct parts; the seeds, the pink flesh, the white fl...

Geophysical Investigation Of Mbeu Iron Ore Deposit In Meru County Using Gravity Method

ABSTRACT Gravity survey was used to detect metallic bearing rocks and dense bodies of rocks within host formations in Mbeu area of Tigania. From the study, there is a clear indication of the presence of iron ore in the region. The ground based gravimeter was used to precisely measure variation in the gravity fields at different points. A total of 86 gravity stations were surveyed. The data obtained was corrected for drift, latitude, Free Air and Bouguer corrections from where the Free Ai...

Synthesis, Characterization, Bioassay And Density Functional Theory Studies Of Cationic Iron Half Sandwich Complexes Of Selected Heterofunctional Active Pharmaceutical Agents

ABSTRACT The molecular modification of purely organic drugs by the incorporation of a metal atom is an active area of research. However, there is paucity of data in the use of half sandwich organometallic fragments and in particular the cationic iron half sandwich, [ɳ5-C5H5(CO)2Fe]+, in structural modification of drug molecules. The cationic iron half sandwich organometallic fragment provides a metal centre that could participate in biochemical reactions with potentially the desirable benefi...

Structure-Repellence Studies On Synthesized Stereoisomers Of Menthane-Diol And Analogues Against The Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus

ABSTRACT Tick-borne infections of livestock are wide-spread in Africa and present a great constraint to livestock development, particularly in the improvement of local breeds. This problem is compounded by the high susceptibility of foreign breeds of livestock being used to improve livestock productivity in many African countries. Brown Ear tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, is the most economically important of the 40-70 African tick species. This is due to the fact that it is a highly eff...

Hydrogeochemical Analysis And Modelling Of Ground Water In Mbeere South Sub-County, Embu County, Kenya

ABSTRACT Clean water is an essential commodity for a healthy nation. A fifth of all water used in the world is obtained from groundwater. In arid and semi-arid areas, groundwater is the main source of water for domestic and irrigation purposes. The semi-arid climate, few perennial water bodies and growing population in Mbeere South, Embu County has resulted into increased use of groundwater for both domestic and irrigation necessities. This has put pressure on these water sources leading...

The Potential Of Bioactive Protectants Of Maize Grains Against Sitophilus Zeamais In Western Kenya

ABSTRACT In African tropical zones, cereals are kept as grains or flour in storage structures and constitute important source of income for farmers. Protecting stored product in this case is an emergency to ensure food security for people living in these areas of deficiency where agriculture is not highly productive. Some of the pursued measures include physical, traditional, and biological methods; and application of synthetic pesticides. The above techniques have some problems including con...


1 - 15 Of 53 Results