Abstract: In the past, Ethiopia was rich in natural resources. As population pressure increased, resources have been exploited greatly. In the study area the need to expand cultivated has led to the removal of well-adapted, nutrient additive indigenous trees. The study was conducted in Bisho watershed, Southern Ethiopia, to evaluate the Effect of Eucalyptus camaldunesis Dehnh. and Croton macrostachyus Del. and distance away from tree trunk on selected soil chemical and physical properties in...
Abstract: The over increasing antibiotic resistance of pathogens has driven a global initiative towards the search for new sources of antimicrobial substances mainly from medicinal plants. Based on the existing traditional claim, this study investigated the antimicrobial activities and phytochemical composition of crude extracts of Aloe pirottae and Aloe mcloughlinii. Antibacterial activities of the extracts was conducted on test organisms using the disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibit...
Abstract: Portulaca oleracea L. commonly known as Purslane is a herbaceous weed. Purslane is a very good source of alpha Linolenic acid, which is an omega-3- fatty acid. The aim of this study was to determine the Physico chemical properties and antioxidant activities of oil from purslane leaf, stem and seed with respect of major quality parameter. The oil extraction and oil qualities analysis were carried out in animal nutrition and biotechnology laboratory respectively. The major parameter ...
Abstract: Liquid-liquid mixtures are ubiquitous in many natural and industrial processes. Their excess thermodynamic properties are governed by the intermolecular interactions. As such, experimental techniques such as neutron and x-ray diffractions, or computational chemistry methods can be used to probe structure at atomic level. However, they are rather scarce and expensive. Our interest is on the binary liquid mixtures involving 2,2′-difurylmethane (DFM) and n-alcohol, which have been s...
Abstract: Cytogenotoxic effects of a commercial formulation of ethephon (ETF) and a commercially formulated mixture of ethephon+cyclanilide (ETF+CYC), which are used as plant growth regulators (PGRs) in modern agriculture, were investigated by using the anaphase-telophase chromosome aberration (CA) assay in root meristem cells of Allium cepa L. A. cepa roots were treated with 25 (EC50/2), 50 (EC50), and 100 ppm (EC50×2) of ETF, and with the same concentrations of ETF+CYC, for 24, 48, and 72...
ABSTRACT: Styrene acrylate resin is a versatile material with a wide range of applications. It is used in a variety of products, including paints, coatings, adhesives, and sealants. The determination of styrene acrylate resin in these products is important for quality control and regulatory compliance. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful technique that can be used to determine the concentration of styrene acrylate resin in a variety of matrices. In this study, a...
This paper reviews the literature on the industrial approach to chemical education in Kenyan universities. The industrial approach is a pedagogy that seeks to integrate the teaching of chemistry with the needs of industry. This is done by providing students with opportunities to learn about chemistry in a real-world context, such as by working on projects with industrial partners or by conducting internships in the chemical industry. The paper begins by discussing the rationale for the indust...
Determination of various chemical nutrients present within food samples using green nanomodifed carbon paste working electrode (GNM-CPWE) is a novel and cost-effective technique. In addition, wastewater treatment in the presence of high surface area green nanocatalysts attracts researchers worldwide. In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by using Acanthus sennii leaf extract within three volume ratios as 2:3 (40 mL precursor: 60 mL extract), 1:1 (50 mL ...
In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using an aqueous extract of the Ocimum lamifolium (O.lamifolium) plant. The I optimal coordinate exchange random response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the effect of the zinc acetate precursor, temperature, and time on ZnO NPs by designing nine runs. From ANOVA analysis, the significance and validity of the designed models showed that the optimal values of the zinc acetate precursor, temperature, and time d...
Fingerprint (FP) is a global mark used for personal identification. This study reviews recent latent fingerprint (LFP) enhancement techniques including metal oxides, multi-metal deposition (MMD-I/II/SMD/Au-ASP), optical, chemical, physical, and physicochemical. Furthermore, analytical techniques involved in identification, evaluation, and determination of pieces of evidence, and perpetrators including the SEM, TEM, UV-Vis, IR/NIR, SERS, SKP, DLS, MALDI-MSI, and TD analysis were also dis...
Factors such as gene mutation and transfer, some inappropriate uses and diagnostics, and the prescription of antibiotics to undiagnosed patients has significantly led to the emergence of drug resistance in bacteria, which is also hampering our ability to treat infections. As the declines of new antibiotics, scientists and researchers keep trying to develop or propose some synergistic combinations of antibiotics with medicinal plants extracts in an effort to boost their antimicrobial a...
Bacteria resistance to antibiotics used for the treatment of infections and diseases is of global concern.Medicinal plants have been used as the primary sources of plants’ active ingredients or lead compounds in drug development. The combination of various antimicrobial agents to obtain a synergistic effect is considered an ideal strategy for combating bacteria resistance. In this work, a constant repetitive synergy in all combinations was achieved by adding 0.3 mL of concentrated tetraoxos...
Abstract Weight loss and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods were used to study the corrosion inhibition of 5-methyl-2H-imidazol-4-carboxaldehyde and 1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde on mild steel in acid medium. The values of thermodynamic parameters such as free energy of adsorption (ΔGºads), adsorption equilibrium constant (Kads), adsorption entropy (ΔSºads), adsorption enthalpy (ΔHºads) and activation energy (Ea) were calculated and discussed. The adsorption process on mild steel surf...
Watermelons belong to the family cucurbitaceous, they are fruits like cantaloupe, pumpkin and similar to plants that grow on vines on the ground. There are over 1,200 varieties of watermelons in the world, several of these varieties have been recommended for Kenya range of climate, however only three varieties are commercially grown in Kenya namely; the Charleston Grey (Sugar F1), Crimson sweet (Zebra) and Sugar baby. Watermelon has four distinct parts; the seeds, the pink flesh, the white fl...
ABSTRACT Gravity survey was used to detect metallic bearing rocks and dense bodies of rocks within host formations in Mbeu area of Tigania. From the study, there is a clear indication of the presence of iron ore in the region. The ground based gravimeter was used to precisely measure variation in the gravity fields at different points. A total of 86 gravity stations were surveyed. The data obtained was corrected for drift, latitude, Free Air and Bouguer corrections from where the Free Ai...