Research Papers/Topics in Medical Physics

Evaluation of Image Quality in Fluoroscopy Machines in Khartoum State

Fluoroscopy refers to the use of an X ray beam and a suitable image receptor for viewing images of processes or instruments in the body in real time. Fluoroscopic imaging trades the high signal to noise ratio (snR) of radiography for high temporal resolution, as factors that maintain patient dose at an acceptable level must be used. The aim of this study was to perform quality control (QC) of image quality for three digital fluoroscopy units used c a r d io va s c ula r a n d interventi...

Assessment of Quality Control of X-ray Mammography Machine in Alnilain Medical Center& Royal Care Hospital

Abstract A systematic approach for assessing critical performance indicators can be achieved through the implementation of a quality assurance (QA) program. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality control of x-ray mammography machine in two centers, namely: during the period from October to December 2017. The test results were done by quality control tools and image quality tools. Series of tests(specific radiation output, output variation with kVp, output variation with mAs,...

Assessment Of Grid Alignment For X-Ray Units In Khartoum State.

Abstract This study was aimed to assessment of grid alignment for radiology departments in Khartoum state. A total of 15 x-ray units in radiology departments in Khartoum state were tested by grid alignment test tool and the optical density for radiographic film was read by transition densitometer. In this study the final result showed that the percentage of grid misalignment for x-ray machines (66.7%) greater than the grid alignment x-ray machines (33.3%). The final assessment of grid misali...

Assessment Of Radiation Dose During CT Brain

Abstract The purpose of this study to assessment radiation dose of CT scanner on brain by calculate effective dose , then to confirm is there any difference between effective dose of male brain and female brain according to differences at anatomical structure of male brain and female brain , and to determine typical parameter that help to reduce overdose . This study performed in Modern Medical Center , the study showed amount of average effective dose (1.26756002 mSv ± 0.2 mSv ) and it's n...

Evaluation of image quality in digital mammography in Khartoum state

Abstracts: The mammography is examination of x – ray to early detection of the breast cancer. However the delectability of micro calcifications is required high quality image. Thus evaluation of image quality is important. The main objective of this study was to evaluate image quality for full field digital mammography at omer sawey hospital Khartoum state - Sudan. The tests that were performed in this study include: Contrast to noise ratio and spatial resolution. Contrast to noise ratio wa...

Assessment of Radiation Dose Received during Thoracolumbar and Skull Examinations in Red Sea State Medical centers

ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to assess patient dose during x-ray examination of skull and thoraco-lumbar in Red Sea state Hospitals. The dose received by 146 adult patients was measured using CALDOSE software by entering the parameters: focus to detector distance FDD, mAs , KVP. The result of the study showed that the mean of ESAK were found to be (0.79 ± 0.30) for skull and (0.37 ± 0.2) for thoraco-lumbar. The INAK were found to be (0.52 ± 0.14) for thoracic lumbar and (...

Optimization Of Radiation Dose And Image Quality In Computed Tomography Imaging

Abstract Improvements in the benefit of CT have been so dramatic that a tendency exists to the overuse. CT is a diagnostic imaging modality giving higher patient dose in comparison with other radiological procedures. While the benefits of CT exceed the harmful effects of radiation exposure in patients, increasing radiation doses to the population have raised. The main objective of this work was to find an optimization approach to minimize the radiation dose to adult patients undergoing CT ex...

Evaluation Of Conventional X-Ray Machines In The Primary Health Care Centers In Khartoum State

Abstract This study evaluate 27 X-ray units worked in the Primary Health Care Centers in Khartoum State, these units divided in three groups according to the manufacturing company, the first group acts as 66.7% of units under study it has mechanical problems which make the move of unit too difficult also there is a problem in kilovolt and time accuracy .The second group acts as 22.2% of all units which has programming and software problem. The third one acts as 11.1% of all units which has n...

Assessment Of Radiation Dose For Patients Undergoing Brain And Abdomen Computed Tomography

Abstract Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique which produces a digital topographic image from diagnostic x-ray. It always considered a “high dose” technique, there is growing realization that image quality in CT often exceeds the level needed for confident diagnosis and that patient doses are higher than necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of radiation dose received by the patients during brain and abdomen CT examination. In this study, a total of 128 a...

Evaluation of Entrance Skin Dose in the Periapical Dental X-ray Examination

High doses of ionizing radiation can lead to adverse health outcomes such as cancer induction in humans. Although the consequences are less evident at very low radiation doses, the associated risks are of societal importance. This study aimed to evaluate entrance skin doses (ESDs) in the periodical DentalX-rayexaminations. The entrance skin dose (ESD) was measured for 200patient in both gender underwent dental X-ray examination at Radiology Department of Khartoum Dental Educational Hos...

A study of the Responses of Hearingfor Normal Hearing of Iraqi and Sudanese UsingDistortion product Otoacoustic Emissions.

The purpose of this research was designed to study theresponsesof hearing or distortion product otooacoustic emissions amplitude(DPI) for normal hearing of Iraqi and Sudanese using Distortion product Otoacoustic Emissions and to study the influence of the age, ear side, gender and racial on theresponsesof hearing for normal hearing of Iraqi and Sudanese subjects and comparison between them. An additional purpose of this study was proposal model Linear and nonlinear Equations to evaluat...

Effects Of Immobilization Devices On Skin Doses And Doses In The Build-Up Regions For High Energy Photon Beams

ABSTRACT This study presents the significant increase in skin dose caused by the presence of thermoplastic immobilizing masks used for positioning and immobilization of patients during cancer treatments in the head and neck region. Made from organic materials, thermoplastics become soft and pliable when heated and forms a rigid replication of the patient’s anatomy as it cools down. The use of the mask plays a key role in achieving the therapeutic aim in head and neck treatments but can as ...

Dependence Of Teletherapy Timer Error On Treatment Parameters In External Beam Radiotherapy (Ebrt) Using The Theratron Equinox 100 Cobalt 60 Machine

ABSTRACT  The purpose of this research work is to evaluate the variation (or dependence) of the timer error as a function of the teletherapy treatment parameters such as treatment field size (FS) and treatment depth (d) for an SSD setup and compare the method used for others. Teletherapy timer error measurements were performed in a full scatter, large water phantom using a 0.6cc ionization chamber and average photon energy of 1.25MeV from a cobalt-60 unit at an SSD of 100cm at various field ...

Quality Control Programme On Mammography Systems In The Republic Of Benin: Assessment Of Patients Dose Optimisation In Three Selected Facilities.

ABSTRACT The Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) was estimated first using Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) slabs and secondly MGD was estimated per right craniocaudal (RCC) projection view and left craniocaudal (LCC) projection view. A number of 21 patients out of a total of 28 patients, undergoing breast examination in three (3) selected mammography facilities in the Republic of Benin were involved. Image quality was evaluated based on subjective analysis of images with Leeds Tests Objects and American ...

Peak Skin Dose Estimation in Adult Examinations For Selected Multi Detector Computed Tomography: An Approach For Patient Dose Optimization

ABSTRACT Computed Tomography (CT) is a valuable tool among diagnostic imaging modalities. However, the increase in its utilization has resulted to a considerable increase in its contribution to the collective dose from medical exposure. The main aim of this study was to propose a patient dose optimization method from exposure parameters that would estimate the peak skin doses (PSDs) to patients undergoing chest CT and abdomen CT examinations. PSDs were estimated on the surface of a Perspex C...


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