Abstract The big construction projects suffer from problems of delay and increasing in cost compare cost of the estimated. This is due to the nature of construction industry risky. Most of the projects occur once and a unique does not repeats. Each project differs from the other and there is no two projects agree in all characteristics and conditions, which makes each project has a particular circumstances and challenges and related has been exposed to a lot of projects to a number of the ri...
Abstract In this research laser used to irradiant milk and its effect on the pH and absorbance has been studied in this research. Six samples of cow's milk were taken from the farm directly, without any additions of preservatives. five samples from six samples were irradiated by Nd:YAG laser 1064 nm wavelength using different output powers (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50) mW and the sixth sample was left without irradiation as a control, the result shows that by increasing laser dose the absorbance b...
Abstract The study generally presents the mechanism of ablation of metals by ultrafast laser pulses; the main part was devoted to understanding a particularly interesting case: femtosecond pulse laser irradiation. Femtosecond ablation heating is described by a two-temperature model based on the Fourier heat transfer equation. This model consists of two parabolic differential equations coupled by the exchange term between the two subsystems, namely the electron gas and the ion network. The ul...
Abstract Some of the mechanical properties of polymer, such as tensile test, creep and swelling, were studied for two types of tire rubber at different concentrations of black carbon(70% ,30%) respectively. In the tensile test, the elasticity modulus was calculated and found that it was 7.836 MN/m2. Also in the study of creep, the time-dependent creep modulus and the creep compliance were calculated. Then the swelling behavior was introduced using three chemical solutions, namely methane, ace...
Abstract 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy is one of the most powerful tools that used in studying magnetic properties of materials. This work aims to investigate the magnetic properties of MgxSrxMnxCo1-3xFe2O4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.33) nanoparticles annealed at 500 ˚C. The aim extends to study the magnetic properties of BaFe2O4 sample as a function of different measuring temperatures. The results showed that magnetic hyperfine fields of the annealed samples were larger compared to as-prep...
Abstract A thin film is a layer of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer (monolayer) to several micrometers in thickness. In this thesis three types of thin films of silicon dioxide were prepared then doped using three different samples Iodine, Coumarin500 and Rhodamine B. The preparation was done under Electrical Deposition Techniques (E D T) (Spin Coating) using power supply mating 2 Volts and current of 0.03A, at room temperature. The optical properties such as absorption and abs...
Abstract Space weather has been a task of research in modern fields of science; therefore, our recent technology is certainly influenced by impact of space weather particularly in satellites, spaceborne systems. Moreover, space weather has impacts on ground based technology such as electric power system, pipeline, and railways. Space weather variations can cause geomagnetically induced currents penetrate conducting structures of the transformers and cause: half-cycle saturation, increase the ...
Abstract The results of this study were carried out to determine the composition of the uranium element in the Nuba Mountains area in Southern Kordofan region in the regions of Mount Uro and Mount Kurn. Forty samples were collected from the two regions, 20 samples from each region were grinded and converted into powder, and analysed by XRF spectrometer. To find the concentration of each element in the sample. The analysis showed that the average concentration of the uranium element in the sa...
Abstract Fingerprints have many uses, chemical solution usually used to detect fingerprints but it takes a time. In this research He-Ne laser with output power 1mmW and wavelength 632.8nm and Diode laser with output power 5mmW and wavelength 532 nm were used to detect fingerprints on Aluminum surface and other Glass surface, fingerprints was exposure by laser beam through convex lens with focal length 5mm then a digital camera was used to record irradiated fingerprint. The revealed results s...
Abstract In this work, zinc oxide nano particles were synthesized by sol-gel method, from Zinc Acetate dehydrates (ZnC4H6O4). 2H2O, then the aluminum oxide was also prepared by sol-gel method from Aluminum acetate C6H9AlO6. Then ZnO was mixed by Al2O3 with concentration ratio of (0, 25, 50) % to get four samples of AZO, these samples were characterized with UV-VIS spectrometer, and the optical properties of AZO were studied. It is clearly seen that the energy gap decrease with increasing of ...
Abstract A magnetic property of matter plays an important role in modern technology. This need intensive research to satisfy technology need for new magnetic properties of matter. This motivates to do this research on the effect of change of nano size of Aluminum on its permeability. Three different nano sizes were prepared. It was found that increase of Aluminum nano size increases its magnetic permeability.
Abstract This study focused on the exploration of chromium metal and its use in the industriesthat are selected for its utmost importance. In this study, glowing X-ray techniques were used to determine the concentration of chromium in the in the Ingessana Hills in the Blue Nile region.And also was the use of a gamma-ray spectroscopy to determine radioactivity of radionuclides found in the Ingessanahills. A total of 30 rock samples were taken from this area, which were analyzed by XRF. Each s...
Abstract In this study scintillation counter is used for investigating and identifying the radioactive substances in the sample and determining their activities by means of gamma ray spectroscopy, sodium chloride as an example in order to determine its activity which reveals poor activity
Abstract This research is a study of the techniques of uranium enrichment and physical separation of isotopes, which often resort to when it is difficult to separate them by the usual chemical methods, including many of the mixtures that have already been used, such as uranium enrichment by laser, more common centrifuges, diffraction, thermal spread, magnetic separation and plasma. The enrichment process is important to take advantage of the uranium element as a fuel for various nuclear reac...
Population growth and urbanization have led to water scarcity and pollution which is a health hazard not only to human but also the ecosystem in general. This has necessitated coming up with ways of treating water before consumption. Photocatalysis has proved to be one of the most promising cheap techniques, which involve chemical utilization of solar energy. TiO2 widely used in photocatalysis absorbs a narrow range of the solar spectrum compared to ZnO. In this regard, this study aimed at pr...