Natural & Applied Sciences

Research Papers/Topics in Natural & Applied Sciences

FOOD POISONING: CAUSES, RISK FACTORS AND CONTROL

ABSTRACT  Food poisoning is one of the common health problems globally especially in African countries usually due to the inability to enforce food safety principles. When disease-causing bacteria, viruses or parasites contaminate food, they can cause food- related diseases. Such a bacterium, virus or parasite is known as pathogen. Food poisoning is the diseases caused by these pathogens when a contaminated food or drink is consumed. Other contaminants include natural occurring toxins and he...

A SECURITY GATEWAY

ABSTRACT In the context of computer networking, an application-level gateway (also known as ALG or application layer gateway) consists of a security component that augments a firewall or NAT employed in a computer network. It allows customized NAT traversal filters to be plugged into the gateway to support address and port translation for certain application layer "control/data" protocols such as FTP, Bit-Torrent, SIP, RTSP, file transfer in IM applications etc. In order for these protocols ...

ADDRESSING PRINCIPLES USED IN TCP/IP PROTOCOLS

ABSTRACT Network administrators need a thorough understanding of both types of addressing to administer Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks and troubleshoot TCP/IP-based communication. This chapter discusses in detail the types of Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addresses, how they are expressed, and the types of unicast addresses assigned to network node interfaces. We demonstrate that the dynamic behavior of queue and ...

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OFF THE SHELF SOFTWARE AND CUSTOMIZED SOFTWARE

ABSTRACT Custom software is not targeted to the mass marketplace as good as is tailor finished for specific needs of companies as good as organizations this requires carrying the in accord with bargain of these principles. The software is finished as good as will in the little approach paint which classification as good as have it mount out in the little approach for the options accessible for clients business as good as users of these websites as good as have report exchnage improved in betw...

ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL CONVERSION SYSTEM THEORY AND APPLICATION

ABSTRACT Digital signals propagate more efficiently than analog signals, largely because digital impulses, which are well-defined and orderly, are easier for electronic circuits to distinguish from noise, which is chaotic. This is the chief advantage of digital modes in communications. Computers "talk" and "think" in terms of binary digital data; while a microprocessor can analyze analog data, it must be converted into digital form for the computer to make sense of it. A typical telephone mo...

APPLICATION OF EXPERT SYSTEM

ABSTRACT Computers have been in existence for some time. Personal computers have emerged in the early eighties and changed substantially the way corporations perform their functions. Large quantity of application software, tools making the computer more useful, have been developed over the years. Different classes that describe application software, such as "Spreadsheets", "Word Processors" and "Data Bases", are now as much a part of our vocabulary as "fax" and "cellular phone" machines.  A...

APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGIC IN AN ELEVATOR

ABSTRACT An elevator group supervisory controller is a control system that manages systematically two or more elevators in order to serve passengers as required. The elevator cars are assigned accordingly in response to hall calls, so as to optimize waiting time, riding time, power consumption, passengers’ comfort, etc. In this paper, the simplicity of ordinal structure fuzzy logic in making crucial supervisory control decisions is demonstrated. In addition, in order to further improve...

BATCH PROCESSING AND REAL TIME PROCESSING: MERITS AND DEMERITS

ABSTRACT The needs of real-time software require the use of one or more synchronous programming languages, real-time operating systems, and real-time networks which provide the essential frameworks on which to build a real-time software application. Few technologies can help improve business responsiveness as dramatically as real time processing of event data. By implementing real time processing solutions to monitor streaming data as it enters your organization, you can identify new opportu...

BLUETOOTH AND INFRARED TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT Bluetooth is managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group, which has more than 15,000 member companies in the areas of telecommunication, computing, networking, and consumer electronics. The SIG oversees the development of the specification, manages the qualification program, and protects the trademarks. To be marketed as a Bluetooth device, it must be qualified to standards defined by the SIG. A network of patents is required to implement the technology and are only licensed to t...

Using The Computer System In Crime Investigation

ABSTRACT Many traditional crimes are now being aided or abetted through the use of computers and networks, and wrongdoing previously never imagined has surfaced because of the incredible capabilities of information systems. Computer crimes are requiring law enforcement departments in general and criminal investigators in particular to tailor an increasing amount of their efforts toward successfully identifying, apprehending, and assisting in the successful prosecution of perpetrators. In the ...

USEFULNESS OF AN ENTERPRISE APPLICATION

ABSTRACT Enterprise software describes a collection of computer programs with common business applications, tools for modeling how the entire organization works, and development tools for building applications unique to the organization. The software is intended to solve an enterprise-wide problem (rather than a departmental problem) and often written using an Enterprise Software Architecture. Enterprise level software aims to improve the enterprise's productivity and efficiency by providin...

UNDERSTANDING THE FILE ALLOCATION TABLE [FAT] IN WINDOWS

ABSTRACT The File Allocation Table of contents of a computer disk which tells what sectors are used for what file. The File Allocation Table ( also know as FAT, FAT16, and FAT32 ), is located in the master boot sector (first 63) of a bootable disk, floppy or hard. You visually cannot see this. The FAT follows the boot sector.  The FAT file system revolves around the File Allocation Table for which it is named. Each logical volume has its own FAT, which serves two important functions: it cont...

SPEECH RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT Speech recognition (also known as automatic speech recognition or computer speech recognition) converts spoken words to text. The term "voice recognition" is sometimes used to refer to recognition systems that must be trained to a particular speaker—as is the case for most desktop recognition software. Recognizing the speaker can simplify the task of translating speech. Speech recognition is a broader solution that refers to technology that can recognize speech without being...

RADAR TRACKING SYSTEM CONCEPT AND APPLICATION

ABSTRACT A classical rotating air surveillance radar system detects target echoes against a background of noise. It reports these detections (known as "plots") in polar coordinates representing the range and bearing of the target. In addition, noise in the radar receiver will occasionally exceed the detection threshold of the radar's Constant false alarm rate detector and be incorrectly reported as targets (known as false alarms). The role of the radar tracker is to monitor consecutive update...

PROSPECTS OF CLOUD COMPUTING IN NIGERIA

ABSTRACT Cloud computing comes into focus only when you think about what IT always needs: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's existing capabilities. Cloud computing is all the rage. "It's become the phrase du jour," says Gartner senior analyst Ben Pring, ech...


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