An Overview Of Remediation Techniques Of The Environment

ABSTRACT
Oil spillage which can simply be referred to as the release of oil into the environment (land or water) either through a deliberate act, accident or as a result of equipment failure indeed has an alarming effect on the affected communities due to the fact that it either renders the environment
useless or sometimes take a longer time for the affected area to have a natural process of attenuation.
In addition, having given the necessary compensation to the affected communities in line with the compensation guidelines, it is pertinent to note that greater work still needs to be done in terms of bringing back the affected sites back to their original form and this is only achievable through the process of remediation.
The questions that this research attempts to answer are;
How is the general process of remediation carried out?
What is the best technique in terms of optimization and economy that can be used for the
process of remediation?
Can the same technique be used for remediation of contaminants on land, water surface,
underground water and sediments?
What innovative technique if any that can be applied to facilitate the process of Remediation
Remediation simply means the improvement of a contaminated site to prevent, minimize, or mitigate damage to human health or the environment. Remediation involves the development and application of a planned approach that removes, destroys, contains or otherwise reduces availability of contaminants to receptors of concern.

Even though many technologies are available for the treatment of contaminated sites, the selection depends on contaminant and site characteristics, regulatory requirements, costs, and time constraints. Since most remediation technologies are site-specific, the selection of appropriate technologies is
often a difficult, but extremely important, step in the successful remediation of a contaminated site. Therefore, the successful treatment of a contaminated site depends on proper selection, design, and adjustment of the remediation technology’s operations based on the properties of the
contaminants and soils and on the performance of the system.
There are various types of remediation techniques which are currently available and these are;
soil washing, soil flushing, soil vapour extraction, thermal desorption, biosparging, bioventing,
bioremediation, ultra-violet oxidation, aeration, ground water pump and treat technology etc.





TABLE OF CONTENTS


CHAPTER ONE

1.0 introduction

CHAPTER TWO

 2.0 Literature review
 2.1 Potential hazards in the environment
 2.2 Present state of our environment
 2.3 Remediation
 2.4 Soil remediation technologies
 2.4.1 Soil washing
 2.4.2 Soil vapor extraction
 2.4.3 Landfarming
 2.4.4 Soil flushing
 2.4.5 Solidification/stabilization
 2.4.5.1 Asphalt batching
 2.4.5.2 Vitrification
2.4.6 Bioremediation
2.4.6.1Intrinsic bioremediation
2.4.7 Thermal desorption
2.4.8 Biopiles
2.4.9 Bioslurry systems
2.4.10 Bioventing
2.4.11 Encapsulation
2.4.12 Aeration
3.0 Groundwater treatment technologies
3.1. Air sparging
3.2 Groundwater pump-and-treat technology
3.3 Passive/reactive treatment walls

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Conclusion
REFERENCES