CHM 235: Organic Qualitative Analysis

IDENTIFICATION OF UNKNOWNS

Safety Precautions with Unknowns

Purity of an Unknown

Completion of the Analysis

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical Appearance

Melting Point or Boiling Point

Compounds That Melt Near Room Temperature

CLASSIFICATION BY SOLUBILITY

Procedure for Solubility Tests

INFRARED, NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE, AND MASS SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS

NMR Spectrum

Mass Spectrum

IR Spectrum

Using Spectroscopic Data to Determine the Structure of an Unknown Compound

CLASSIFICATION TESTS FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Alcohols

Aldehydes and Ketones

Alkenes

Amines

Presence of Aromaticity

Carboxylic Acids

Esters

Presence of Halides

Phenols

SYNTHESIS OF SOLID DERIVATIVES

Alcohols

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids: Amides, Anilides, Toluidides

Phenols

SEPARATION OF MIXTURES

Techniques of Separation

Assaying the Number of Compounds

Separating the Mixture

Model Extraction Procedure

SUMMARY OF IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE FOR AN UNKNOWN COMPOUND

Purity

Physical properties

Solubility

IR and NMR analysis

Chemical tests for functional groups

Derivative

SUMMARY OF THE ANALYSIS OF A MIXTURE OF UNKNOWN COMPOUNDS

Preliminary procedures

Assay the number of compounds in the mixture

Carry out separation

Monitor success

Identification