DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) BASED SMART WASTE BIN FOR FILL LEVEL MONITORING AND BIODEGRADABILITY DETECTION

                                                              ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT 

It is not doubtful that effective and efficient waste management is essential for the development of a smart city. In developing and most developed countries of the world, overflowing waste from waste bins located at strategic positions in streets or close to residential areas both destroys the aesthetics of the environment and constitutes air pollution to the environs when  the wastes begin to decompose. It is the need to address the aforementioned issues in a preventive manner, that this paper seeks to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT) based smart waste bin that can monitor in real time the fill level and smell or biodegradability level of the waste. The smart waste bin used two semiconductor gas sensors (MQ 4and MQ135 sensors) to monitor the smell level (biodegradability) and an ultrasonic sensor (HRSO4) to monitor the fill level. The MQ4 sensor measured methane level while the MQ135 sensor (also called air-quality sensor) measured ammonia and sulphide levels. The status of the bin is communicated a Thingspeak webserver via an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module interfaced with an arduino microcontroller in real time. This will enable a prompt response from concerned authorities that have login access to the Thingspeak web server so as to dispose the waste before it overflows or when the odour is very offensive. In this work, the fill and biodegradability levels were collected using the above mentioned sensors from three kinds of wastes namely: Pure non-biodegradable waste, biodegradable waste mixed with Foul dung and biodegradable waste mixed with pig dung. Results from the server side show that the fill level varied with time regardless of the kind of waste used but the smell level only varied when the waste was mixed with either pig or foul dung. The result also showed that there was greater level of methane values in foul dung compared to pig dung.

 

2.1 Concept of IoT in waste Monitoring……………………………………………………………4

 

2.2 Some waste level Monitoring Technique………………………………………………………6

 

2.3 Some air Pollution Monitoring Technique…………………………...…………………………8

  

CHAPTER THREE………………………………………………………………………………11

 

  3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD ……………………………………………………………11

 

3.1 Material requirements………………………………………………………………………..11

 

3.2 Design Methodology………………………………………………...........................................19

 

     3.2.1 Programming of the Wi-Fi Module………………………………………………………19

 

    3.2.2 Principle of Operation of the Implemented System………………………………………23

 

 

CHAPTER FOUR……………………………………………………………………………….25

 

4.0 RESULTS..................................................................................................................................25

 

4.1 Observed Outputs………………………………………………………….………………….25

 

4.2 Discussion of Results …………………………………………………………………………28

 

 

CHAPTER FIVE…………………………………………………………………………...…….30

 

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS……………………………………...…….30

 

5.1 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………30

5.2 Recommendations …………………………………………………………………………….30

 

REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………..…31

 

APPENDIX …………………………………………………………………………………...…..33