Research Papers/Topics in Materials and Metallurgical Engineering

Bioinspired Design

Abstract Bioinspired design involves the use of concepts observed in natural biological materials in engineering design. The hope is that the leveraging of biological materials in the engineering domain can lead to many technological innovations and novel products. This work presents the initial material characterization of kinixys erosa tortoise shell using a combination of xray diffraction, optical/scanning electron microscopy and micro-mechanical testing. The results were used in the anal...

Use Of Local Clays For The Production Of Porcelain Pin Insulators

ABSTRACT   The use of local clays for the production of porcelain pin insulators was investigated. Clays from Awo-omama, Ibere and Nsu were used for the study. Test samples were made by varying the compositions of feldspar and quartz needed to form a mouldable plastic body with each clay. The following properties were determined: electrical resistivity, apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density, linear shrinkage as well as crystalline phases produced after firing. This characterizat...

Morphology Analysis Of Lead Iodide- And Lead Acetatebased Perovskite Layers For Solar Cell Application

ABSTRACT Organolead trihalide perovskite solar cells have shown success as light absorbers in photovoltaic cells due to their efficiency increasing from 3.5% to over 20% within only five years. However, pinhole formation and incomplete coverage of solution-processed perovskite film results in increased current leakage, reducing efficiency. Hence the surface morphology of perovskite film is important for high performance of perovskite solar cells. Here the morphology is carefully controlled b...

Effect Of Cooling Rate And Modification On The Microstructure And Tensile Properties Of Al-Si-Mg Alloy

ABSTRACT  The effect of cooling rate and modification on the microstructure and tensile properties of Al-Si-Mg alloys was carried out. Castings were produced using a stepped pattern that has different section thicknesses.  Sand casting technique was used.  A thermocouple inserted into the mould cavity recorded the cooling rates for the different sections. The Al5.43%Si3.83%Mg which was melted in the crucible furnace was modified with sodium (Na) and strontium (Sr) in separate cases. T...

Optical And Electrical Characterisation Of P3HT:PCBM Organic Photovoltaic Devices

BACKGROUND The numerous limitations of inorganic solar cells has led to keen interest and exploitation of organic solar cells in recent times. They offer several advantages such as lightness, mechanical flexibility, low production cost, ease of processing and have a high potential for large area solar conversion1 . The properties, performance and lifespan of these solar cells depend on the properties of the active layer and interface between the components1 . Thus far research efforts have b...

Assessment Of Barite Deposit In Nassarawa State For Oil Drilling Application

ABSTRACT Drilling fluids play sophisticated roles in the drilling process which include, keeping formation fluids at bay, stabilizing the wellbore without damaging the formation, lubricating the bit and drill-string and clearing cuttings from the bit face. Weighting agents are compounds that are dissolved or suspended in drilling fluid to increase its density. The effect of density also contributes to the stability of the borehole by increasing the pressure exerted by the wellbore fluid onto...

Investigation Of Lead-Free Bismuth Perovskite By Numerical Simulation Using Scaps.

ABSTRACT The theoretical study of methylammonium bismuth halide, (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9, was simulated using SCAPS 1D software package. The effect of the bismuth perovskite absorber layer thickness on the solar cell performance was investigated using three different materials (organic and inorganic) materials such as Cu2O, CuI, and spiro-OMeTAD as hole transporting layer (HTL), and four different materials (organic and inorganic) materials such as ZnO, TiO2, PCBM, and P3HT as electron transporting l...

Fabrication Of Biodegradable Implantable Devices For Sustained Localized Drug Release

ABSTRACT This thesis is focused on fabrication of biodegradable implantable devices for extended localized drug release. Paclitaxel (PT) was used as cancer drug in the study. Poly lactic –co- glycolic acid (PLGA) is a polymer used for drug elution. In this work, the role of enzymes on the degradation of PLGA, Effect of different pH on the degradation of PLGA and the kinetics of drug release was elucidated. PLGA ratios of 75:25 and 85:15 were used. The enzyme used in the study is lipase enz...

Design And Testing Of Mycelium Biocomposite

ABSTRACT The growing global understanding of ecological footprints and environmental pollution invented by humans is gainfully affecting our material design practice, pushing the search for more sustainable alternatives, and development of natural biocomposites. In this research, the natural ability of saprophytic fungi to digest and bind lingo-cellulose is utilized to develop natural biocomposite materials for novel applications in design and architecture. This study aims to provide an insi...

Numerical Modeling Of Wellbore Instability (Tensile Failure) Using Fracture Mechanics Approach

ABSTRACT When a well is drilled, the equilibrium in-situ stress is changed. In order to support the stress relief induced by the drilling and to prevent hydrocarbon influx into the cavity, the borehole is filled with a fluid. These operations create new stress configurations. The main point in wellbore projects is the definition of the drilling fluid density to keep the wellbore stable. The lower bound to the fluid density is the collapse stress that is the limit to shearing. The upper bound...

Corrosion Behavior Of Epoxy (Sigmaline) Coated X65 Steel In Some Selected Corrosive Media

ABSTRACT Like any industry, the economic success of the oil and gas industry can be no swifter than its success in corrosion control/prevention. Some oil and gas industries operate in hostile offshore environment that harbors significantly quite substantially different corrosive agents including ions of chloride, Cl- , bicarbonate (HCO3 - ), hydrogen sulfide (HS- ), sulfide (S- ), etc., coupled with gases such as oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), just to name a few. Oil and gas structural m...

Synthesis And Characterization Of Extruded Alkali Activated Earth-Based Composites For Sustainable Building Construction

ABSTRACT Alkali activation is a rapidly developing area in the global materials research and development community. It is based on alkali aluminosilicate chemistry with primary focus on the activation of solid aluminosilicate materials under alkaline conditions to produce three-dimensional network of inorganic polymer binders. However, little research has been conducted to harness this technology in the development of earth-based composites. This work provides insights on the application of ...

Layered Composite Thin Films For Cost Effective Transparent Organic Solar Cell Electrodes

Abstract In this dissertation two main themes are explored. In the first part some phenomenologies of light transport across the ZnO/Al/ZnO (ZAZ) thin film multilayer structures are investigated. The multilayered ZAZ thin film composite structures are explored for potential applications as transparent electrodes (TEs) alternatives to the costly transparent indium-doped-tin-oxide (ITO) anodes that are used currently in organic solar cells (OSCs), organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) and var...

Technical Assessment Of Mining Site And Barite Quality In Nigeria

ABSTRACT Barite is an exceptional non-metallic mineral composed of barium sulphate and it is used mainly by the oil and gas industry as drilling mud in deep drilling, where high pressure is encountered. The specific gravity of barite should range from 4.2 to 4.6 in order to be used as drilling mud. In Nigeria, barite deposits are found in veins and cavities hosted by varieties of rocks. In this work, barite deposits in various troughs of Nigeria have been sampled and analysed for the purpose...

Clay Ceramic Materials For Water Filtration: Properties, Processing And Performance

ABSTRACT Ceramic water filters are promising household water treatment technology, as they are capable of removing waterborne pathogens and thereby reducing diarrheal disease. Flow rates are the main quality control criterion for manufacturing, and multiple theoretical flow rate models have been published. This dissertation presents the results of combined experimental and theoretical studies of flow rate variation in ceramic water filters in frustumand disk-shaped ceramic water filters. Als...


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