THE PERIODIC TABLE-Beginning of Classification-Attempt made by J.W Dobereiner-Attempt made by Ade Chancourtois-Attempt made by John Newlands-The work of Lothar Meyer-Mendeleev's Periodic lawMODERN PERIODIC LAW-Modern Periodic Law-The long-form of The Periodic Table-Nomenclature of Element having Z >100ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION-Rules governing the filling of electrons in orbitals-Electronic configuration of all the elements in the periodic table-Electronic configuration of ions-Electronic confi...
Spectrophotometry is a method to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through sample solution. The basic principle is that each compound absorbs or transmits light over a certain range of wavelength. Theses measurement can also be used to measure the amount of a known chemical substance.
Polymers form a very important class of materials without which life would have been very difficult. They are all around us in everyday use, in rubber, in plastic, in resins and in adhesives and in adhesive tapes. Polymers are giant molecules of higher molecular weight called a macromolecule which are built up by linking together of a large number of small molecules called monomers. The reaction by which the monomers combine to form polymers is called Polymerisation.
Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances. Green chemistry applies across the life cycle of a chemical product, including its design, manufacture, use, and ultimate disposal. Green chemistry is also known as sustainable chemistry. This is unlike cleaning up pollution (also called remediation), which involves treating waste streams (end-of-the-pipe treatment) or cleanup of environmental spills and oth...
The colloid is said to be stable when particles remain suspended in the solution without settling down i.e. the dispersed phase. Stability is hindered by aggregation and sedimentation phenomena, which are driven by the colloid’s tendency to reduce surface energy. In order to stabilize the colloidal system, we need to reduce the interfacial tension between the colloidal particles. Aggregation is due to the sum of the interaction forces between particles. If attractive forces (such as v...
In this method, small solute particles are condensed to form a dispersed phase particle.Examples include the following:1. Chemical methods: a) By oxidation:Colloidal sulphur can be obtained by passing oxygen gas through a solution of hydrogen sulphides. In this method any oxidising agent like HNO3, H3Br2 can also be used. 2H2S + O2 → 2H2O + 2S (Sulphur sol) b) By double decomposition:A solution of arsenic sulphide is obtained in this method. In this process hydrogen sulphide i...
Water analysis is a process carried out to identify and quantify the chemical components and properties of water samples. The type and sensitivity of the analysis depend on the purpose of the analysis and the anticipated use of the water. Chemical water analysis is carried out on water used in industrial processes, on waste-water stream, on rivers and stream, on rainfall and on the sea, In all cases, the results of the analysis provide information that can be used to make decisions or to pro...
Introduction Atomic Theory of Matter Assignment Discovery of the Sub-Atomic Particles The Electron The Proton Rutherford Model of Atom The Neutron Atomic Number/Mass Number/Isotopes Emission Spectra The Bohr Atomic Model Exercises Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen Quantum Theory of Atomic Orbitals Principal Quantum Number Azimuthal OR Subsidiary Quantum Number Shapes of Orbitals Magnetic Quantum Number Spin Quantum Number Electronic Configuration of Atom Pauli’s Exclusion Principle Hund’s Rule ...