A Legal Analysis On The State Of Land Evictions In Uganda

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION .......... ... ..........................................i.

APPROVAL ............. ........ ... .... .. .................................................. ii

DEDICATION ........................ ....................................... iii

CHAPTERONE .................................................................. 1

1.1 Introduction ................................................................. 1

1.2 Background ofthe study .............................. .................. 1

1.3 Problem statement. ............ ............ ............... ................... .. 2

1.4 Purpose ofthe study .... ...... .... ......................... ...... 4

1.5 Specific Objectives ................. ....................................... 4

1.6 Scope ofthe Research ................................................................ 5

1.7 Methodology .................................. .... ............................. 5

1.8 Literature Review ..... ......... .. .................. .. ........... 6

CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 8

EXISTING LAWS AND POLICIES ON ENCROACHMENT, EVICTION AND

RESETTLEMENT ....................................................................................................................... 8

2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 8

2.2 National laws on encroachment, eviction and resettlement ....................... .......................... .. ... 9

2.3 The Land Act of 2007 as amended ... .. ......... ... ................ ................ .. .. ..................... .............. . I 0

2.4 The National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, 2003 .......... .................. ................ ................... 11

2.5 The National Forestry Policy and the National Forest Plan, 2002 ... ........... ..... ...... ........ ........ 11

2.6 International laws relevant for under taking eviction and resettlement processes .................. 12

2.6.1 International law in Uganda .............................................. ....... ...... ........... ....................... .... 12

2.6.2 International instruments ....................... ........... ..................................... ........... .... ... ....... ..... 13

2.7 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International

Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1976 ............................................................................... 14

2.8 African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights and Indigenous and Tribal Peoples

Convention, 1989 .................................................. ............................ ................ .. .......................... 14

2.9 The capitalist era in Uganda and Evictions ..... ................... ........ ...................................... ..... .. 15

CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................... 18

THE HUMAN RIGHTS, LEGAL, POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS

AND EVICTIONS ...................................................................................................................... 18

3.1 International Human Rights Law and Eviction: A Brief.. ..................... ........ ........ ...... .. ......... 18

3.2 A Historical prelude of the Legal, Policy Frameworks and Evictions .............. .... ................. 20

3.3 The Contemporary Legal and Policy and Institutional framework Analysis ........ ........ ......... 22

3.4 Payment of nominal ground rent and termination of tenancy .......... ....................................... 24

3.5 Compulsory Land Acquisition and Compensation ........... ...................... ......... ....................... 30

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3.6 The Uganda National Land Policy and Evictions ................................................................... 31

CHAPTER FOUR .......................•..............•.................................•..................•........................... 36

EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS OF CASES OF EVICTION FROM LAND IN UGANDA ......... 36

4.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 36

4.1 The international dimension and players ................................................................................ 36

4.2 The Local dimension ............................................................................................................... 3 8

4.2.1 Infrastructure development driven evictions& city face lift ................................................. 38

4.2.2 Environmental conservation and development verses land rights protection ...................... 41

4.2.3 Mineral prospecting, oil exploration and exploitation related eviction ............................... 43

4.2.4 Consequences of eviction and Constrained access on the livelihoods of the evicted people .

....................................................................................................................................................... 45

4.2.4.1 User rights ......................................................................................................................... 45

4.2.4.2 Resource access ................................................................................................................ 45

4.2.5 Collaborative Resource Use Agreement.. ............................................................................ 46

4.2.6 Access to land (natural asset) ............................................................................................... 47

4.2.7 Copying strategies of the evicted people ............................................................................. 48

4.2.8 Where other people ended up after eviction took place ....................................................... 49

4.2.9 Risk strategies and Buffers .................................................................................................. 49

4.2.1 0 Comparison of livelihoods before and after the eviction ................................................... 50

CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................................................ 51

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................... 51

5.1 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 51

5.2 Recommendation .................................................................................................................... 52

BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................... 55

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