A REVIEW OF MORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS.
Abere,
OmotayoJohncally([email protected])
Department of
Actuarial Science & Insurance, University of Lagos
Nigeria
Mojekwu, Joseph
Nnamdi (Corresponding Author)
Department of
Actuarial Science & Insurance, University of Lagos
Nigeria
E-mail:
[email protected]
Abstract.
Introduction: Mortality differentials can be described
as those determinants or indicators that measure relative differences in the
timing of death between different groups. They measure mortality risks of one
group relative to that of another group.The reduction in mortality within a
country/region is a major objective of the government and international
organizations. To achieve this goal, determinants of high mortality among
disadvantaged people, communities and regions need to be identified. Methods
which enable the analysis of the relationship between mortality differential
determinants need to be reviewed in such a way to accurately identify how inequalities
operate at different levels/regions.
Objective:
The specific objective of this research is to analytically review the mortality
differentials in order to identify high risk cases towards where health
programs can be channeled or intensified. The review wasmajorly focused on
gender, causes of deaths and income level differentials.
Data and
Methods:In the course of this study,
different methods and strategies of investigations were conceived to gather
data/materials related to the study in order to have comprehensive knowledge on
the subject matter based on the flexibility of approach. The major data were
got from the publications and surveys of health or health related organizations.
The two statistical tools used in this research are descriptive and
inferential.
Setting:
The geographical location of this research is not only limited to Nigeria but
also explores situations in Africa and the world as a whole, although special
attention was paid to cases in Nigeria.
Results:Male
mortality and female life expectancy are higher at all ages in most countries
across the globe. In Nigeria, most deaths (in rank) arise from lower
respiratory infections, neonatal disorders, HIV/AIDS and malaria, while the
leading causes of deaths (in rank) in Africa as a whole are lower respiratory
tract infections, HIV/AIDS, diarrhea diseases and ischaemic heart diseases. In
the world (as a whole), ischaemic heart diseases and stroke are leading causes
of deaths. Most deaths in lower income group are due to causes that are frequently
preventable or treatable through access to basic health services, while most
deaths in higher income group are frequently associated with environmental
factors and/or natural disasters.
Conclusion:
In order to minimize the differences in health outcomes and maximize the health
gains, responses that are aimed at mitigating exposure to risk factors and/or
adequate access to health services should be employed. Also, systems should be
put in place for collecting information on mortality determinants/indicators in
order to identify how inequalities operate at different levels or regions.
Emphasis should be laid on the role of medicine, importance of public health
care services, effects of alcohol, anti-smoking/malaria/HIV campaigns, and so
on.
KEYWORDS:
differentials, gender, income levels, mortality, causes of deaths.
Omotayo johncally, A (2019). A review of mortality differential. Afribary.com: Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://afribary.com/works/a-review-of-mortality-differential
Abere, Omotayo johncally. "A review of mortality differential" Afribary.com. Afribary.com, 06 Oct. 2019, https://afribary.com/works/a-review-of-mortality-differential . Accessed 26 Jan. 2021.
Abere, Omotayo johncally. "A review of mortality differential". Afribary.com, Afribary.com, 06 Oct. 2019. Web. 26 Jan. 2021. < https://afribary.com/works/a-review-of-mortality-differential >.
Abere, Omotayo johncally. "A review of mortality differential" Afribary.com (2019). Accessed January 26, 2021. https://afribary.com/works/a-review-of-mortality-differential