Community Driven Development Approach (Cdda) and Educational Infrastructure in Eastern Recovery Project, Irumu Territory Democratic Republic of Congo

ABSTRACT 

The study aimed at assessing the effect of community driven development approach on educational infrastructure in Irurnu Territory, DR. Congo. Its objectives included: i) to examine community empowerment effect on educational infrastructure in Irumu Territory — DRC: ii) to analyse the effect of accountability on educational infrastructure in Irumu Territory-DRC: and iii) to establish the effect of capacity development on educational infrastructure in Irumu territory -DRC. The study adopted descriptive survey design with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The target population was 3000 and participants included beneficiaries and project ‘staff. Questionnaires and interview guide questions were used to collect primary data. The data was analyzed using frequency and percentage tables, and regression analysis was used to examine the effects of Community Driven Development Approach on Educational Infrastructure in Irumu Territory. The study revealed that community empowerment significantly affected educational infrastructure. Furthermore, the study revealed that accountability significantly affected educational infrastructure. Lastly, the study revealed that capacity development significantly affected educational infrastructure. The study concluded that community driven development approach was important in providing educational infrastructure because of the significant roles it played. The study made the following recommendations: the project leaders should emphatically mobilize the local communities to bring resources towards project execution; the project leaders and funders should encourage community participation in decision making in educational infrastructure project; the local communities should be empowered to hold their project leaders accountable; the project leaders should be transparent in all their dealings in project activities; and the project funders and partners should encourage training of the local communities in different project phases and activities so as to involve them in all project aspects.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL

DECLARATION .iii

DEDICATION iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v

LISTS OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

LISTOFTABLES

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE 1

INTRODUCTION 1

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

1 .1 .1 Historical Perspective

1.1.2 Theoretical Perspective 3

1.1.3 Conceptual Perspective 4

1.1.4 Contextual Perspective 5

1.2 Statement of the problem 6

1.3 Purpose of the Study 7

1.4 Objectives of the Study 7

1.5 Research Questions 7

1.6 Hypotheses 8

1.7 Scopes of Study 8

1.7.1 Geographical Scope 8

1.7.2 Theoretical Scope .8

1.7.3 Content scope 9

1.7.4 Time Scope 9

1.8 Significance of the Study 9

1.9 Operational Definition of Key Terms 10

CHAPTER TWO 12

LITERATURE REVIEW 12

2.0 Introduction 12

2.1 Theoretical Review 12

2.3 Review of Related Literature 16

2.3.1 Community Driven Development Approach 16

2.3.2 Community Empowerment and Educational Infrastructure I 8

2.3.2 Accountability and Educational Infrastructure 2 I

2.3.3 Capacity Development and Education Infrastructure 23

2.3.4 Educational Infrastructure 26

2.3.4.1 Physical infrastructure (classrooms, offices and Sanitary Facilities) 27

2.3.4.2 Basic Furniture and Equipment 29

2.5 Related Studies on Community Driven Development Approach and Educational Infrastructure 30

2.5 Gaps in Literature 32

CHAPTER THREE 33

METHODOLOGY 33

3.0 Introduction 33

3.1 Research Design.33

3.2 Study Population 33

3.3 Sample Size 34

3.4 Sampling Technique 34

3.5 Data Sources 35

3.6 Data Collection Methods 35

3.6.1 Surveys 35

3.6.2 Interviews 35

3.7 Research Instruments 35

3.7.1 Questionnaires 35

3.7.2 Interview Guide Questions 36

3.8 Validity and Reliability 36

3,8.1 Validity 36

3.8.2 Reliability 37

3.9 Data Gathering Procedure 38

3.10 Data Analysis 38

3.11 Ethical Consideration 39

3.12 Limitations of the Study 40

CHAPTER FOUR 41

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 41

4.0 Introduction 41

4.1 Response Rate 4 i

4.2 Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents 41

4.3 Empirical Finding on Community driven development approach and Educational

Infrastructure in irumu territory —DRC 43

4.3.1. Community Empowerment and Educational Infrastructure in Irumu Territory 44

4.3.2 Accountability and Educational Infrastructure in Irumu Territory 47

4.3.3 Capacity Development and Educational Infrastructure in Irumu Territory 51

4.4 Descriptive Statistics for Educational infrastructure 54

CHAPTER FIVE 59

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 59

5.0 Introduction 59

5.1.1 The Effect of Community Empowerment on Educational Infrastructure in Irurnu Territory~ DRC 59

5.1.2 The Effect of Accountability on Educational Infrastructure in Irumu Territory-DRC 60

5.1.3 The Effect of Capacity Development on Educational Infrastructure in Irurnu Territory-DRC 03

5.2 Conclusion 64

5.3 Recommendations 65

5.4 Contribution to Knowledge 66

5.5 Areas for Further Research 67

REFERENCES 68

APPENDICES 81

APPENDIX I: QUESTIONNAIRE 81

APPENDIX II: INTERVIEWS 85