ABSTRACT
The Orsat Gas Analyzer was constructed at the project development institute (PRODA), Enugu.
The operation involved the laboratory glass blowing which entails the heating of a glass tube. The heating •continues until the glass tube reaches its plastic state. The shape of the tube is changed or the required shape blown by pulling, bending by hand, cutting with a knife and also blown with mouth or denting the shape by the application of a suitable tool.
The selection of the materials used in the construction was in such a way to suit the purpose. The material used for construction is borosilicate glass.
The construction of the Orsat Gas Analyser was done to enable the understanding of gas analysis. Also, to understand the properties, characteristics and behaviour of different gases at different conditions.
The cost of fabrication of this project is …………………………
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Pageii
Transmittal Letter iii
Approval Pageiv
Dedication v
Acknowledgement vi
Abstractvii
Table of Contents ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0Introduction 1
1.1Objectives of Orsat Gas Apparatus5
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.0Gas (Kinetic Theory)6
2.1Analysis7
2.1.1Analyzer7
2.1.2Gas Analysis 8
2.2The Method of Gas Analysis 9
2.2.1Instrumental Method10
2.2.2 Absorptiometric Method11
2.3Gas Analyzer s13
2.3.1 Exhaust Gas Analyzers13
2.3.2The Toxic Gas Detector Tube 14
2.3.3The Fyrite (C02 Analyzers) 15
2.4The Orsat Gas Analyzers15
2.4.1The Orsat Gas Analyzer with Jacket16
2.4.2The Orsat Gas Analyzer without Jacket17
2.5.0The components parts Of The Orsat Analyzer
2.5.1The sampling Train 20
2.5.2The lntegrated Sample Method 21
2.6The Glass Wool22
2.6.1The Glass Probe 23
2.6.2The Squeeze Bulb (Pump)24
2.6.3The Manifold25
2.6.4The Glass Valves26
2.70The Absorption pipettes 26
2.7.1The Reservoir28
2.7.2The Expansion Bag29
2.7.3The Smaller Glass Tubes . 29
2.8Measuring Burettes With Water Jacket30
2.9.The Levelling Bottle32
2.9.1The Rubber Tubes33
2.9.2The Rubber Stopper34
2.9.3The Wooden Covering35
CHAPTER THREE
3.0Material Of Selection 38
Types Of Glasses/Properties
3.1The Soda Glass 39
3.2Sodaline Glass 40
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0Fabrications Generally and Fabrication Procedure
For Orsat Gas Analyzer
4.1Fabrication . 48
4.2Methods49
4.2.1Glass Forming49
4.2.2Press Moulding49
4.2.3Blowing50
4.2.4Press and Blow50
4.2.5Blow and Mould Process 52
4.2.6Laboratory Glass Blowing53
4.3The Simple Bunsen Burner53
4.4The Flame 54
4.5Glass Cutting 56
4.6Pulling a Point 57
4.7.1Sealing Glass Tubes 58
4.8U - Bend 59
4.8.1T-Joint 60
4.8.2Y-Joint 61
4.9Fabrication Procedure For Orsat Gas Analyzer 63
4.9.1Fabrication Of Levelling Bottle 64
4.9.2Fabrication Of Absorption Pipette 65
4.9.3Fabrication Of Burette66
4.9.4Fabrication Of Water Jacket 67
4.9.5Fabrication Of Manifold 68
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0Cost Of Replacement 69
5.1Over Head Cost 71
5.2Installation Cost72
5.3Maintenance Cost72
5.4Cost of Replacement73
5.5Over Head Cost 73
5.6Labour Cost73
5.7Material Cost74
5.8Draughtsmen Charge 77
5.9Overall Costs77
CHAPTER SIX
6.0Discussion 79
6.1Conclusion81
6.2Recommendations82
References
Appendix