Contrastive Analysis of Hausa Language and English Language

This study presents a comprehensive contrastive analysis of the Hausa language and English language, focusing on their phonetic, phonemic, and grammatical differences. The research begins by examining the global status of the English language and the challenges encountered by ESL and EFL learners due to the influence of their native language on their second language performance. The analysis proceeds by comparing the consonant systems of English and Hausa. English possesses 24 consonants, while Hausa has 34, including unique sounds such as pulmonic egressive and glottalic egressive and ingressive consonants. Additionally, Hausa employs abutting consonants, which belong to two syllables, unlike English consonant clusters. The study also reveals the presence of secondary articulations in certain Hausa consonants. The vowel systems of English and Hausa are examined. English comprises 20 vowels, including pure vowels and diphthongs, while Hausa has 13 vowels, consisting of pure vowels and diphthongs. Notably, the study highlights the differences in the spelling and pronunciation of Hausa vowels, which can lead to varying word meanings despite identical spellings. The grammatical structures of English and Hausa sentences are then explored. English sentences are analyzed in terms of form, pattern, distribution, and variety, with illustrative examples provided to depict diverse sentence types. Similarly, Hausa sentences are analyzed based on these criteria, highlighting both similarities and partial differentiation. The contrastive analysis concludes by emphasizing the discrepancies between English and Hausa grammars. English predominantly follows the SVOCA pattern, whereas Hausa displays variations such as VP+VP and VP+Adj Phr, although it generally conforms to the SVOCA pattern. Understanding these disparities is deemed crucial for effective language teaching. The study proposes two teaching methods that can aid English Language Teachers (ELTs) in delivering efficient English as a second language instruction. The Grammar-Translation Method, rooted in Western society, emphasizes translation between the target and native languages, while the Audiolingual Method focuses on developing listening and speaking skills through repetitive drills and dialogues. This contrastive analysis offers a comprehensive examination of the phonetic, phonemic, and grammatical distinctions between English and Hausa. It sheds light on the challenges faced by learners and provides insights to enhance language instruction for ELTs.