Derivation of the Bandwidth Resource Allocation in an ATM Based Network

ABSTRACT 

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology is the transfer mode for implementing a Broadband-Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN). ATM defines multiplexing and switching techniques for broadband signals. Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) is employed in the B-ISDN backbone. The main objective of an ATM is to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) in transfer of cell streams across networks. This technology recommended as the transport vehicle for the B-ISDN offers a great flexibility to transmission bandwidth allocation to accommodate diverse demands of multimedia connections. Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) is a fundamental factor in network performance for an ATM-based bursty traffic. However, the fundamental problem in ATM network is defining the way to allocate bandwidth optimally especially for unpredictable bursty traffic. This project aims at developing the approach to the derivation of the bandwidth resource allocation in an ATM-based network. The main tool used for the simulation is Riverbed Modeler 2014 Academic Edition 17.5 (OPNET). This project developed the intended format with bandwidth allocation guide for N* 64kbps of a Primary Rate Interface (PRI) T1 trunk lines for varying delay, loss and buffer occupancy. The allocation was developed for varying traffic intensity between 0 and 320 Kbps corresponding to five channels of 64kbps each. Cell Loss Probability (CLP) standards between 0.0000875 and 0.002967 were considered. The Buffer Occupancy values were between 0.00000237KB and 0.0000117KB. Queuing Delay standard which ranges between 0.0000000501s and 0.000000103s and Queue Delay Deviation values of between 0.0000000366s and 0.000000584s were all considered.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Approval Page ii

Certification Page iii

Declaration iv

Dedication v

Acknowledgement vi

Abstract vii

List of Abbreviation viii

List of Figures xi

List of Tables xii

Table of Contents xiii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.0 Background 1

1.1 Problem Statement 5

1.2 Objectives of the Project 6

1.3 Scope 6

1.4 Methodology 6

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Background on ATM 8

2.1 ATM Cell Format 9

2.2 ATM Device Types 10

2.3 ATM Network Interface Types 10

2.4 ATM Cell Header Format 12

2.5 ATM Services 13

2.6 Virtual Paths (VP) and Virtual Channels (VC) 14

2.7 VPI-VCI Relationships 15

2.8 Point-To-Point and Point-To-Multipoint Connections in ATM 15

2.9 ATM Interoperation with LAN 16

2.10 ATM Switch Operation 17

2.11 ATM Reference Model 18

2.12 Functions of the ATM Layer 20

2.13 Management Plane Interactions 21

2.14 ATM Addressing 21

2.15 Traffic Contracts and Service Categories 21

2.16 Traffic Contract 22

2.17 ATM Service Categories 23

2.18 Service-Dependent ATM Adaptation Layers 24

2.19 Common Physical Interface Types 25

2.20 The Table for Common Physical Interface Types 27

2.21 ATM Signaling 28

2.22 Connection Setup and Signaling For ATM 28

2.23 ATM Signaling Protocol for UNI and NNI 29

2.24 ATM Addressing 30

2.25 ATM Addressing Formats 30

2.26 Challenges of ATM 30

2.27 Related Research Works 31

CHAPTER THREE: MODELLING AND SIMULATION METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction 42

3.1 Modeling Approach 42

3.2 Physical Model 44

3.3 Simulation Model 44

3.3.1 Brief on the Riverbed Modeler 45

3.4 Research Methodology Adopted for the Simulation 50

3.5 Simulation Configuration 51

3.5.1 Configuration of Application Config 52

3.5.2 Configuration of Profile Config 53

3.5.3 Definition oand Application of the FTP_Profile 54

3.6 Description of Simulation Devices 56

3.6.1 Switch 56

3.6.2 Server Node 57

3.6.3 ATM Workstation Node 58

3.6.4 ATM Link Connections 59

3.6.5 Configuration of Nodes 60

3.7 Configuration and Running of the Simulation 64

3.7.1 Simulation Set 64

3.7.2 Simulation Execution 65

3.8 Performance Metric 66

3.8.1 Configuration of the Switches 66

3.8.2 Node Links 67

3.9 Model Validation 69

3.10 Conclusion 71

CHAPTER FOUR: SIMULATION RESULTS AND RESULTS ANALYSIS

4.0 Introduction 72

4.1 Data Computation and Analysis 72

4.2 Simulation Results 75

4.3 Result Analysis 75

4.3.1 Buffer Usage 75

4.3.2 Queue Delay Deviation 77

4.3.3 Queuing Delay 78

4.3.4 Traffic Dropped 79

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION, CHALLENGES AND RECOMEMNDATIONS

5.0 Conclusion 85

5.1 Challenges 90

5.2 Recommendations 90

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B