Design and Construction of a Four Way Traffic Light Control

ABSTRACT

A traffic light also known as a traffic signal,  stop light and go light, robot or semaphore is a signally device positioned at four (cross) junction, pedestrian crossing or other locations in other to indicate when it is safe to drive or walk using a universal color code ( and in precise sequence for those that are color blind).

Traffic light system operate on a turning mechanism that changes the light after a given interval of 7-120 seconds depending on the traffic congestion on the cross junction roads.

The traffic light system is fabricated to curb traffic jams, avoid hold ups and reduce wait time for both vehicles. Although the traffic light system can be modified to suit different roads, it is intended for a four junction with dual carriage way having relatively unequal traffic dersities in all four directions and can easily be implemented in real life situation.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page …………………………………………………………………………………i

Certification ………………………………………………………………………………ii

Dedication ………………………………………………………………………………… iii

Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………………………… iv

Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………v 

Table of content ……………………………………………………………………..… vi

CHAPTER ONE

1.0Introduction ……………………………………………………………………1

1.1     Background of study ………………………………………………………1

1.2     Aims of the project …………………………………………………………3

1.3     Objectives ………………………………………………………………………4

1.4  Significance of Study ………………………………………………………4

1.5  Limitation of scope of study ……………………………………………5

1.6     Project Description …………………………………………………………6

CHAPTER TWO

2.1Literature Review ……………………………………………………………8

2.2     History of Traffic Light Control Systems ……………………………9

2.3     Types of Traffic Light ………………………………………………………11

2.3.1  Three set Lights ………………………………………………………………11

2.3.2  Pedestrian Crossing Light …………………………………………………12

2.3.3  Lights for Public Transport …………………………………………………12

2.3.4  Lights for cyclist ………………………………………………………………13

2.4     Colors ………………………………………………………………………………13

2.5   Turning signals and rules ……………………………………………………14

2.6   Lane Control …………………………………………………………………    14

2.7   Brief literature review of components ………………………………… 15

2.7.1  Line Circuit Breaker …………………………………………………………15

2.7.2  Push Button Switch …………………………………………………………15

2.7.3  Main Contactor ………………………………………………………………16

2.7.4  Auxiliary Contactor …………………………………………………………16

2.7.5  Timer Delay Relay …………………………………………………………17

2.7.6  Voltmeter ………………………………………………………………………18

2.7.7  Ammeter …………………………………………………………………………18

2.7.8  Indicator Lamp …………………………………………………………………18

2.7.9  Green Traffic Light ……………………………………………………………19

2.7.10 Amber Traffic Light ……………………………………………………………19

2.7.11 Red Traffic Light ……………………………………………………………19

2.7.12 Cables ……………………………………………………………………………19

2.7.13 Connectors ……………………………………………………………………20

2.8    Advantages of a traffic light control ……………………………………20

2.9   Disadvantages of a traffic light control …………………………………21

CHAPTER THREE

3.0Methodology ……………………………………………………..………………. 23

3.1    System Designation ……………………………………………………………23

3.2    Block diagram of the Traffic Light Circuit ………………………………24

3.3    Power supply for the circuit …………………………………………………25

3.4    The circuit diagram ……………………………………………………………27

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Problem Encountered …………………………………………………………28

4.1     Construction and Testing ……………………………………………………28

4.2     Circuit components and description …………………………………29

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1    Summary/Conclusion …………………………………………………………30

5.2    Recommendation ………………………………………………………………31

References …………………………………………………………………………………32