Design And Implementation Of A Solar Power System

ABSTRACT

Nigeria’s dependence on conventional energy for power needs has been her undoing. Given the limited supply, and inherent dangers, her quest for electrical power self sufficiency has remained a dream.  As the inhabitants of the world increases, pressure is placed on almost all the essential commodities for human satisfaction. The continuous supply of power from the national grid to industries and establishments has become a major problem thereby forcing some companies to go for generators as an alternative source of power supply. Conventional sources of energy have until now always sufficed. However, due to the growing worldwide demand for more energy, its increasing cost, as well as the depletion of our non renewable energy reserves makes solar power an alternative. Solar is clean, reliable, non pollutant, noiseless and devoid of loss, as prone to moving mechanical parts. This project provides power availability in CRUTECH, by designing and implementing a backup source of electric power for three offices in the department of electrical electronic engineering, faculty if engineering. The analysis of the total power of equipment needed to be powered by the solar system and the average peak sun hours has been considered to help indicate the number of solar panel to be used. The positioning of the solar panel at a required angle to absorb the maximum solar energy is considered. Various test on PV characteristics where made. More so, analysis on PV module, inverter, charge regulator, and battery selection were made.

TABLE OF CONTENTPAGE

TITLE PAGE-------0 CERTIFICATION-------i

DEDICATION-------ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS------iii

ABSTRACT-------iv

LIST OF FIGURE-------v

LIST OF TABLE-------vi

TABLE OF CONTENT------vii

CHAPTER ONE: 

1.0Introduction-------1

1.1 General Concepts------2

1.1.1. The solar module------3

1.1.2. The charge regulator------7

1.1.3. Inverters              -------8        

1.1.4 Battery-------9          

1.1.5The load-------10          

1.2Motivation-------10          

1.3 Aims and objective-----11

1.4 Methodology------11

1.5 Scope and limitation of study----12

CHAPTER TWO:

2.0 Literature Review-----13

CHAPTER THREE: 

3.0       Design consideration and procedure -----  20                                                             

3.1 Design consideration    -------20

3.1.1 Determination of total load and energy demand---20

3.1.1.2 Size of the inverter ------ 23                                                                      

3.1.1.3 Size of the battery bank ------24

3.1.1.4Size of the Solar Panel------24

3.1.1.5 Size of the Charge Controller------25

3.1.2 Space for panel-------26

3.3.1 Client financial statues  -------26

CHAPTER FOUR:

4.0    Construction, installation, testing and results of pv system/ system

         maintenance --------27

4.1   Installation Procedure------27

4.2.0 Testing and Results of PV System/System maintenance--31

4.2.1 Testing--------31

4.2.1.1  Solar panel tests-------31

4.2.1.2 Charge regulator, battery and inverter tests----32

4.2.2PV characteristics-------32

4.3Results--------35

4.4Depth of discharging of battery-----35

4.5System maintenance-------37

4.5.1Introduction-------37

4.5.2Maintenance schedule and log books----37

4.5.3Batteries--------37

4.5.4Miscellaneous points to consider-----38

4.5.5Battery Maintenance------38

4.5.6Solar array maintenance------39

4.5.7Inverter maintenance------40

4.5.8Regulator maintenance------40

4.5.9System integrity-------41

CHAPTER FIVE:

5.0Conclusion and recommendation-----42

5.1Conclusion--------42

5.2Recommendation-------42

Reference-------43

Appendix--------45

Bill of Quantities------

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITTLEPAGE 

1: Block Diagram of the system