Estimation of Sucrose Loss Due to Inversion Process as A Result of Multiple Effect Evaporation

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE.i

DECLARATION ii

APPROVAL iii

DEDICATION iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v

DEFINITION OF TERMS vi

ABSTRACT vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS viii

LIST OF TABLES xi

TABLE OF FIGURES xii

CHAPTER ONE 1

1.0 Introduction I

1.1 Problem statement 2

1.2 Aim 2

1.2.1 Objectives 2

1.3 Significance of the study 2

1.4 Scope of study 3

CHAPTER TWO 4

2.0 Introduction 4

2.1 Process Description 4

2.1.1 Cane sugar production 4

2,1.2 Harvesting and transport 5

2.1.3 Canepreparation 5

2.1.4 Milling 6

vi”

2.1.5 Clarification .6

2.1.6 Mud Filtration 8

2.1.7 Evaporation 9

2.1.8 Syrup Sulphitation 9

2.1.9 Centrifhgation 9

2.1.10 SugarDrying 11

2.2 Evaporation 11

2.2.1 Evaporators 11

2.2.2 Evaporator operations 12

2.3 Inversion losses in evaporators 13

CHAPTER THREE 16

3.0 Methods and materials 16

3.1 Sampling and sampling design 16

3.1.1 Studyarea 16

3.1.2 Sample selection 16

3.2 Determination of pH ofjuice 17

3.2.1 Principle of method 17

3.2.2 Procedure 17

3.3 Determination of brix ofjuice ~.. 17

3.3.1 Principle of operation 18

3.3.2 Procedure 18

3.4 Determining the pol and purity of the juice 18

3.4.1 Principle of operation 19

3.4.2 Procedure 19

3.5 Detennining reducing sugars in the juice 19

ix

3.5.1 Original Lane and Eynon method .19

3.5.2 Principle of the method 20

3.5.3 Procedure 20

CHAPTER FOUR 21

4.0 Results and Discussions 21

4.1 Effect of pH on clarified juice 22

4.2 Effect of reducing sugars content on the purity of clarified juice 24

4.3 Effect of pH on syrup 27

4.4 Effect of reducing sugars content on the purity of syrup 28

4.5 Calculation of the percentage increase in reducing sugars 29

CHAPTER FIVE 30

5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations 30

5.1 Conclusion 30

5.2 Recommendations 30

CHAPTER SIX 21

6.0 References 31