INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACK GROUND OF STUDY
According to Harper (1977) the concept of profitability can be defined as the concept which provides management with alternative course of action in accordance with the various degrees of profitability stating clearly in relevant cost account form individual projects which enables management to select the most profitable.
Most of the policy decision of manufacturing industries are generally directed towards profitability. Policy decisions made under this concept has a direct effect of increasing and enhancing the general profitability of the manufacturing industries concerned.
The origin of this concept can be traced back to the era of industrial revolution. Prior to this era, industrial were run as family concerns but with the industrial revolution, most business grew from the usual family arrangement to large groups. Resources were pulled together and handed over to other people to manage for the owner’s.
Naturally, resource owners must expect a profitable returns from the investments, this urgent obligations forced management to seek ways of carrying out their activities so as to make profitable returns to the resource owners. Investment grew in all dimension until the first and second world wars, one would have expected that after the world war industrialization would have been abandoned but as we have seen today, this was fortunately far from being so. Rather a large number of manufacturing industries grew in importance and also in complexity all in a bid to meet the demands and standard set by the developed countries.
Enough quantity of materials had to be bought and at the same time later which is a very vital commodity had to be allowed to operate in a conducive environment so as to enjoy the benefits of hiring labour prior to commencement or an expansion the manufacturing industry must move with the changing technology, meet it social responsibilities, operate under government stipulations, pay tax as and when due and meet the expectations of the shareholders.
High administrative cost, cost of changing technology, fierce competition, scarce resource, falling economy, cost of government restrictions, the need for maximization of shareholders wealth, poor capitalize etc must be accommodated and adjusted in such a way that total cost of manufacturing a product will not only be less than sales renew but give a good profit margin.
This stipulation of operating under many uncompromising variables gave rise to the need for policy decision on such things as siting an industry.
-Expansion of an existing industry
-Introduction of a new product
-A change in production design
-Sell or process further
-Close down.
-The nature of this research project requires theoretical approach and analysis which will cover the three dimensional focus of the research, the research focus on the three major areas are;
-The economical factor affecting the concept of profitability as a guide to a policy decision.
-The Endogenous factor affecting the concept
-The political factors.
These three combine to give a broader view of the factor affecting the concept of profitability as a guide to policy decision.
The theoretical orient action of what best provides the researcher the framework for analyzing the factors affecting the concept of profitability were.
1.Theory of location of industry which state that nearness to raw
Materials and available of labour affects the profitability of manufacturing industries. The location of extractive industries for instance depend on where raw materials are to be found. Also mining industries depend on geological, surveys. Agricultural industries depend on side condition and climate. Where the required raw materials are heavy and bulk the industry will be set up near source of raw materials in order to reduce cost.
2.Theory of nearness to market: Bulking or heavy goods are expensive to transport. Base on this, the theory therefore states that such goods be produced near the market.
3.Other general economic factors which includes industries requiring thermal heat need to be near local mines e.g. steel industries.
Tensa (1979) said that the endogenous theory which best suite the purpose of the research is the theory of operation management which is of the view that workers have the same objective with that of management which will ensure a responsible attitude towards organization decision making procedure.
4.On the political factors, the instability of government, restrictions on certain industrial activities were also theories which helped to find out factors effecting the concept of profitability
5.The theory of marginal costing were in dispensation tools for research.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover page
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Proposal
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1Background of the study
1.2Statement of the problem
1.3Purpose of the study
1.4Research question
1.5Statement of hypothesis
1.6Significance of the study
1.7Scope and limitation of the study
1.8Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1Cost
2.2Uses of cost data
2.3Methods of inventory control
2.4Costing methods
2.5Costing techniques
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1Area of the study
3.2Population of the study
3.3Sample and sampling determination
3.4Instrument of data collection
3.5Validation of the instrument
3.6Reliability of the instrument
3.7Administration of research instrument
3.8Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
FINDINGS, CONLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
5.1Findings
5.2Conclusion
5.3Implications
5.4Recommendations
Bibliography
Appendix