Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Background to the study......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Problem statement ................................................................................................................................................ 3
1.3 Aim ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.4 Objectives .............................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.5 Justification ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.6 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.7 System Design ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.8 Expected results ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.0 THEORETICAL ASPECTS ........................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION ............................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.2 Current Transformer............................................................................................................................................ 7
2.1.3 Voltage Transformer............................................................................................................................................ 8
2.1.4Overcurrent Protection ........................................................................................................................................ 9
2.1.5Restricted Earth Fault Protection .......................................................................................................................... 9
2.1.6Differential Protection Scheme (DIFF) ..................................................................................................................10
2.1.7Buchholz protection ............................................................................................................................................11
2.1.8Overload Protection ............................................................................................................................................12
2.1.9 Basics of Transformers Thermal Performance .....................................................................................................13
2.3.0 Hardware ...........................................................................................................................................................15
2.3.1 Switch ................................................................................................................................................................15
2.3.2 Relays .................................................................................................................................................................15
2.3.3 Arduino/Genuino Uno ........................................................................................................................................17
2.3.4 SIM900 GSM Module ..........................................................................................................................................21
2.3.5 MQ2 gas sensor ..................................................................................................................................................23
Reference ...................................................................................................................................................................24
CHAPTER 3 ..................................................................................................................................................................25
3.0 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT RESEARCH METHODS ...............................................................................................26
3.1 DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................................................................................................26
3.1.2 Eagle Software ...................................................................................................................................................27
3.1.3 PCB Circuit Board fabrication ..............................................................................................................................27
3.1.4 Printing artwork .................................................................................................................................................27
3.1.5 Exposure ............................................................................................................................................................27
3.1.6 Developing .........................................................................................................................................................27
3.1.7 Etching ...............................................................................................................................................................28
3.1.8 Cutting and drilling .............................................................................................................................................28
3.1.9 Circuit maker ......................................................................................................................................................28
3.2 Breadboard ...........................................................................................................................................................28
3.2.1 Soldering ............................................................................................................................................................29
3.2.2 Arduino ..............................................................................................................................................................29
3.2.3 Coding ................................................................................................................................................................29
3.2.4 Assembling .........................................................................................................................................................29
3.2.5. Debugging .........................................................................................................................................................29
3.2.6 Programming......................................................................................................................................................30
3.3 HOW THE PROJECT WORKS ...................................................................................................................................30
References ..................................................................................................................................................................33
FINDINGS, RESULTS AND ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................35
4.0 FINDINGS ..............................................................................................................................................................35
4.1 RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................................36
4.2 LIMITATIONS .........................................................................................................................................................44
CHAPTER 5 ..................................................................................................................................................................45
5.0 CONCLUSION .........................................................................................................................................................45
5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................................45
MUTEMARINGA, L (2021). GSM based Transformer Protection Monitoring and Control. Afribary. Retrieved from https://afribary.com/works/gsm-based-transformer-protection-monitoring-and-control
MUTEMARINGA, LUCKMORE "GSM based Transformer Protection Monitoring and Control" Afribary. Afribary, 10 May. 2021, https://afribary.com/works/gsm-based-transformer-protection-monitoring-and-control. Accessed 13 Oct. 2024.
MUTEMARINGA, LUCKMORE . "GSM based Transformer Protection Monitoring and Control". Afribary, Afribary, 10 May. 2021. Web. 13 Oct. 2024. < https://afribary.com/works/gsm-based-transformer-protection-monitoring-and-control >.
MUTEMARINGA, LUCKMORE . "GSM based Transformer Protection Monitoring and Control" Afribary (2021). Accessed October 13, 2024. https://afribary.com/works/gsm-based-transformer-protection-monitoring-and-control