ABSTRACT:
Water is a basic natural resource that sustains life and economic development. It is the next resource to air. Water can exist in various forms that is gaseous, solid and liquid. A study on the implication of water scarcity on the environment was conducted in Kisarawe village, Kisarawe District.
In order to investigate the above, the following variables were measured; water sources, distribution systems, associated problems and measures being used to minimize the problem. A general survey research design was followed, and the methods of data collection used include; interview~ observation, documentation, questionnaires, and photography. Results indicate that various water sources in Kisarawe village include, dams, wells, boreholes, rivers, rainwater and channels. Results further indicate that decreased standard of education, soil erosion, child Labour, conflicts and inability of soil to support plants have been major problems associated with water scarcity. It was also found that,rainwater harvesting, hand dug wells, rehabilitation of some water sources and rational distribution systems were measures used to minimize water problem. Recommendations include public participation in decision making, increasing water points, education and training of local people, replacing and maintenance of old pipes and tanks, determining water quality for human consumption, banning of activities that pollute water sources, aforestation and re-aforestation,gender equality and population projection on water demand.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Declaration.i
Dedication ii
Acknowledgement iii
Table of contents v
List of diagrams vii
List of tables vii
List of maps vii
List of graphs! chars viii
List of photos viii
Defining key terms ix
Abstract x
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION AND BACK GROUND TO THE STUDY AREA
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Statement of the problem 5
1.3 Research objectives 6
1.4 Significance of the study 7
1.5 Scope of the study 7
1.6 Research questions 7
1.7 Backgroundtothestudy- 8
1.7.1 Location --- 8
1.7.2 Climate 8
1.7.3 Population- 10
1.7.4 Vegetation 11
1.7.5 Geology- 11
V
1.7.6 Relief and Drainage- .12
1.7.7 Land tenure system- 13
1.7.8 Socio -Economic activities--.. 13
1.7.9 Potential plan 13
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Water as a resource and its use to man 14
2.1.1 Surface water 15
2.1.2 Under ground water 16
2.1.3 Composition of Ground water 17
2.1.4 Water sources Regional perspective 18
2.1.5 Water Resource management 21
2.1.6 Water Distribution - 24
2.1.7 Water scarcity (Global perspective) 27
2.7.1 Water scarcity Regional perspective- 27.
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research design- 28
3.2 Sampling frame work and sample size 28
3.3 Data collection methods 28
3.4 Limitation of the study 30
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF THE RESEARCH FINDINGS.
1.4 Introduction 31
4.3 water sources in Kisarawe district 31
vi
4.3 Water distribution systems in Kisarawe district 37
4.4 Distribution of water sources 40
4.5 Problems associated with water scarcity 44
4.6 Mitigation measures 50
CHARPTER FIVE
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion 54
5.2. Recommendations 54
APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Questionnaires 60
Appendix 2 Converting letter 69
Appendix 3: introductory letter 70
Bibliography 66
List of Diagrams
Diagram 1: Water sources 14
Diagram 2: water Circulation on earth 68
List of tables
Table 1: Average Maximum and minimum temperature (°c) 9
Table 2: Global Water compartment 25
Table 3: Water sources in Kisarawe districts 32
VII
Table 4: Water distribution in Kisarawe village 38
Table 5: Time spent to fetch water 43
Table 6: Causes of water scarcity 45
List of maps
Map 1: Tanzania Mean Annual Rainfall 10
Map 2: Tanzania Main Soil types 12
Map 3: Tanzania major Lakes and Rivers 21
Map 4: Kisarawe Village Resource Map 41
Map 5: Tanzania location of coast Region 67
List of Graphs! Charts
Graph lEarth water and land area coverage 2
Graph 2 water sources in Kisarawe district 32
Graph 3 Distribution of water in village 38
Graph 4Time spent by local people to fetch water 43
Graph 5 causes of water scarcity 45
List of photos
Photo 1: Open water source 34
Photo 2: Part of the forest which have bin cleared 35
Photo 3: Congestion on a water source 44
Photo 4: Soil erosion....................... 47
Photo 5: child Labour............................... 49
Photo 6 A tank used to store water.................... 51
Photo 7: A hand dug well.......................... 52
Research, S. (2022). .Implications~Of Water Scarcity On The Environment. A Case Study Of Kisarawe Village, Kisarawe District. Afribary. Retrieved from https://afribary.com/works/implications-of-water-scarcity-on-the-environment-a-case-study-of-kisarawe-village-kisarawe-district
Research, SSA ".Implications~Of Water Scarcity On The Environment. A Case Study Of Kisarawe Village, Kisarawe District" Afribary. Afribary, 30 Aug. 2022, https://afribary.com/works/implications-of-water-scarcity-on-the-environment-a-case-study-of-kisarawe-village-kisarawe-district. Accessed 07 Sep. 2024.
Research, SSA . ".Implications~Of Water Scarcity On The Environment. A Case Study Of Kisarawe Village, Kisarawe District". Afribary, Afribary, 30 Aug. 2022. Web. 07 Sep. 2024. < https://afribary.com/works/implications-of-water-scarcity-on-the-environment-a-case-study-of-kisarawe-village-kisarawe-district >.
Research, SSA . ".Implications~Of Water Scarcity On The Environment. A Case Study Of Kisarawe Village, Kisarawe District" Afribary (2022). Accessed September 07, 2024. https://afribary.com/works/implications-of-water-scarcity-on-the-environment-a-case-study-of-kisarawe-village-kisarawe-district