Local Government Administration and Potable Water Supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan

ABSTRACT The research topic was the role of local government administration and potable water supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan. The study objectives were; to ascertain the state of potable water supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan; to identify the challenges facing potable water supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan and to examine the factors that influence the roles of local government in potable water supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan. The study was based on a cross sectional research design. The target population of this study according to National Bureau of Statistics, (2015), was 109,426 individuals in Juba Payam, South Sudan distributed as follows: 57,041 males, 52,385 females. Of those, 842 of the population are Payam Local government officials, 4,769 are Juba City Council staff, 5,610 are officials from the Ministry of water resources and Irrigation, Juba and the remaining 98,205 are residents of Juba Payam. From the target population of 109,426 the sample size of 399 respondents was obtained using Sloven’s formula. The findings of the study included the following; that the state of potable water supply to households in Juba Payam is unsatisfactory to the beneficiaries and has severely decreased; that local government administration of Juba Payam has so far failed to address the challenges facing potable water supply, communities are still struggling to secure access to water resources and disposal of untreated wastewater generates huge pollution problems around urban areas and that the local of government of Juba Payam has played unsatisfactory role on potable water supply to the citizens. The conclusions were; that the state of potable water supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan is poor, hence forcing majority of people to use water from poor water sources, such as a hand pump, un protected well and piped water supply; that the people in Juba Payam communities are struggling to secure access to water resources and the boom in groundwater extraction for agriculture has led to many drinking water wells to dry up; and also that the local government plays an instrumental role in providing potable water supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan because it creates avenues for the community to provide labor, raw materials and also demand for transparency in funds management as regards to water supply. The study recommended that; the local government administration of Juba Payam should come up with well-structured and working water institutions to ensure that at all times there is in every area a person and institution providing water supply to the citizens at fair tariffs; the local government of Juba Payam should involve all key water sector private contractors to manage all public water utility systems. The private companies should therefore be given various responsibilities like billing, leak detection, design and construction under different forms of contracts, and all water management should all be made under the sanction of a legal framework that entitles all citizens to a basic water requirement and that the local government administration of Juba Payam to put in place efficient and well structured institutions to carry out reforms as a team and within a short period so that the reforms are finalized for the citizens to drink and access adequate and quality water. The water services trust fund, an organization mandated with mobilizing funds for carrying the reforms be strengthened and supported by the parent ministry of water so that the financial base is boosted. The study recommended an optimal integration of the water resources management in the country so that all the citizens have adequate water

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION .............................................................................................................................ii

APPROVAL ...................................................................................................................................iii

DEDICATION................................................................................................................................iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...............................................................................................................v

LIST OF TABLES ..........................................................................................................................ix

LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................x

LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................xi

ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................xii

CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Background of the Study .......................................................................................................... 1

1.2.1 Historical perspective .......................................................................................1

1.2.2 Theoretical Perspective .....................................................................................4

1.2.3 Conceptual perspective .....................................................................................4

1.2.4 Contextual Perspective......................................................................................5

1.3 Statement of the problem .....................................................................................6

1.4 Purpose of the Study...........................................................................................6

1.5 Objectives of the Study............................................................................................................. 6

1.5.1 Specific Objectives ................................................................................................................ 6

1.6 Research questions .............................................................................................7

1.7.2 Theoretical Scope ............................................................................................7

1.7.4 Time Scope ....................................................................................................8

1.8 Significance of the study......................................................................................8

1.9 Operational Definition of Key terms ........................................................................................ 8

CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 9

LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................... 9

2.0 Introduction......................................................................................................9

2.1 Theoretical review..............................................................................................9

2.2 Conceptual Framework .....................................................................................10

2.3 Related Literature.................................................................................................................... 10

vii

2.3.1 State of potable water supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan ................................................ 11

2.3.2 Challenges facing potable water supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan................................ 14

2.3.3 Factors that influence the roles of local government in supply of potable water in Juba 

Payam, South Sudan ..................................................................................................................... 16

2.4 Empirical review..................................................................................................................... 20

2.5 Gaps identified ........................................................................................................................ 21

CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 22

METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................................ 22

3.0 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 22

3.1 Research design....................................................................................................................... 22

3.2 Study population ..................................................................................................................... 22

3.3 Sample size ............................................................................................................................. 22

3.4 Sampling methods................................................................................................................... 23

3.4.1 Purposive sampling .............................................................................................................. 24

3.4.2 Random sampling ................................................................................................................ 24

3.5 Data Sources ........................................................................................................................... 24

3.5.1 Primary data sources............................................................................................................ 24

3.5.2 Secondary sources................................................................................................................ 24

3.6 Data collection instruments..................................................................................................... 25

3.7 Validity and reliability of the instrument................................................................................ 25

3.7.1 Validity of the instrument .................................................................................................... 25

3.7.2 Reliability of the instrument ................................................................................................ 26

3.9 Data analysis........................................................................................................................... 26

3.10 Ethical Consideration............................................................................................................ 27

CHAPTER FOUR......................................................................................................................... 29

DATA PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS .......................................... 29

4.0 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 29

4.1 Demographic characteristics of the respondents..................................................................... 29

4.1.1 Gender of respondents ......................................................................................................... 29

4.1.2 Education qualification of the Respondents in Juba Payam, South Sudan.......................... 30

4.1.3 Age distribution of the Respondents in Juba Payam, South Sudan ..................................... 30

4.2 State of potable water supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan ................................................... 32

4.3 Findings on challenges facing potable water supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan................ 34

viii

4.4 Findings on factors that influence the roles of local government in potable water ................ 36

CHAPTER FIVE .......................................................................................................................... 39

DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................... 39

5.0 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 39

5.1 Discussion of findings............................................................................................................. 39

5.1.1 State of supply of potable water in Juba Payam, South Sudan............................................ 39

5.1.2 Challenges facing potable water supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan................................ 40

5.1.3 Factors that influence the roles of local government in potable water supply in Juba Payam, 

South Sudan .................................................................................................................................. 41

5.2 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 42

5.2.1 State of potable water supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan ................................................ 42

5.2.2 Challenges facing potable water supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan................................ 42

5.2.3 Factors that influence the roles of local government in potable water supply in Juba ........ 42

5.3 Recommendations................................................................................................................... 43

5.3.1 State of potable water supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan ................................................ 43

5.3.2 Challenges facing potable water supply in Juba Payam, South Sudan................................ 43

5.3.3 Factors that influence the roles of local government in potable water supply in Juba Payam, 

South Sudan ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….43

5.4 Contribution to the Knowledge............................................................................................... 44

5.5 Areas of further research......................................................................................................... 44

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 45

APPENDIX I: QUESTIONNAIRE .............................................................................................. 48

APPENDIX II ............................................................................................................................... 52

LETTER OF TRANSMISAL FROM THE COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL 

SCIENCES.................................................................................................................................... 52