Mentorship and Girl Child Education in Secondary Schools in Garowe, Puntland, Somalia

ABSTRACT The study sought to examine the impact of mentorship and girl child education in secondary schools in Garowe, Puntland, Somalia. The study objectives were; to establish the relationship between guidance and counselling and girl child education in Garowe, Puntland, to find out the relationship between role modelling and parental attitudes toward girl child education in Garowe, Puntland and to establish relationship between learning environment and girl child education in Garowe, Puntland, Somalia. The study was employed correlation research design to study the relationship between mentorship and girl child education. The study also employed quantitative approach. The study population involved 100 respondents and this comprised of selected officials from Ministry of Education, Mercy Corps, Educationalists, Selected female mentors and selected female students in Garowe. A sample size of 80 respondents was determined through stratified sampling, purposive sampling and random sampling methods. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources using questionnaires and data from Puntland Ministry of Education. Data was analyzed through standardized statistical analysis techniques using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Descriptive data organized into frequency tables from which the means, standar deviations, percentages were calculated. The inferential data was also analysed using pearsons’ multi linear correlation coefficient to compare the difference between categorical frequencies of the research variables. The study found out that the total average mean of mentorship and girl child education was 3.34 which means very satisfactory in likert scale. This also indicates that there is a strong and positive significance relationship between mentorship variables (role modeling, guidance and counseling and learning environment) and girl child education. Further, the regression analysis found that the three variables a great and positive influence on girl child education. The study concludes that guidance and counseling is a twin word that is inseparable, but for the purpose of this study. School counselling for secondary students is desigi~ed to address the physical, emotional, social and academic difficulties of adolescents. The study recommends that as much as possible Ministry of Education (MOE), all implementing agencies of educational policies and heads of• senior high school should endeavor to assign female mentor and counselors with the sole responsibility of guidance and counseling for the students especially for girls.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents Page

DECLARATION

APPROVAL

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS V

LIST OF TABLES Vill

LIST OF FIGURES ix

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS X

ABSTRACT xi

CHAPTER ONE I

Introduction I

1.0 Overview 1

1.1 Background of the Study 1

1.1.1 Historical Perspective 1

1.1.2 Theoretical Perspective 4

1.1.3 Conceptual Perspective 5

1.1.4 Contextual Perspective 9

1.2 Problem Statement 11

1.3 Objectives of Study 12

1.3,1 General Objective 12

1.3.2 Specific Objectives 12

1.4 Research questions 12

1.5 Hypothesis 13

1.6 Scope of Study 13

1.6.1 Content scope 13

1.6.2 Geographical Scope 13

1.6.3 Time scope 13

1.7 Significance of the study 14

V

1.8 Definition of Key Terms .14

CHAPTER TWO 16

LITERATURE REVIEW 16

2.0 Introduction 16

2.1 Theoretical Review 16

2.2 Conceptual framework 20

2.3 Related Literature 20

2.3.1 The relationship between guidance and counseling toward girl’s educational attainment.. 21

2.3.2 The relationship between role modelling and parental attitudes toward girl’s educational

attainment and performance 24

2.3.4 The relationship between learning environment and girl child education 28

2.4 Gaps in the Literature 30

CHAPTER THREE 32

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 32

3.1. Introduction 32

3.2. Research Design 32

3.3 Study Population 32

3.4 Sample Size 33

3.4 Sampling methods 33

3.5 Sampling Technique 33

3.6 Sources of Data 34

3.7 Research Instruments 34

3.8 Validity and reliability of the instrument 35

3.9 Data Processing 36

3.10 Data Analysis

3.11 Ethical Consideration 37

3.12 Limitations of the study 37

CHAPTER FOUR 38

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION 38

4.0 Introduction 38

4.1 Demographic characteristics of respondents 38

vi

4.2 Descriptive analysis of mentorship and girl child education 42

4,3 Correlation analysis Relationship between mentorship and girl child education 48

4.4: Multiple regressions 50

4.5 Data from Education Management Information System Unit 51

CHAPTER FIVE 54

DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 54

5.0 Introduction 54

5.1 Discussions of findings 54

5.1.1 Demographic characteristics of respondents 54

5.1.2 Relationship between guidance and counselling and girl child education 55

5.1.3 Relationship between role modelling and parental attitudes toward girl child education ... 55

5.1.4 Relationship between learning environment and girl child education 55

5.2 Conclusion 56

5.2.1 Relationship between guidance and counselling toward girl’s educational attainment 56

5.2.2 Relationship between role modeling and parental attitudes toward girl’s educational

attainment and performance 56

5.2.3 Relationship between learning environment toward girl child education 57

5.3 Recommendations 57

5.4 Contributions to existing knowledge 58

5.5 Areas for further Research 58

REFERENCES 59

APPENDICES 67

APPENDIX I: TRANSMITTAL LETTER 67

APPENDIX II: INFORMANT CONSENT 68

APPENDIX III: QUESTIONNAIRE 69

APPENDIX IV: SECONDARY DATA 74