Opportunities And Constraints In Using Quality Protein Maize In South Africa

Maize
in South Africa

Maize
(Zea mays L.) is the most important grain crop in South Africa and is
produced throughout the country under diverse environments.
Successful maize production depends on the correct application of
production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as
agricultural production. These inputs are, among other things,
adapted cultivars, plant population, soil tillage, fertilization,
weed, insect and disease control, harvesting, marketing and financial
resources.

Approximately
8,0 million tons of maize grain is produced in South Africa annually
on approximately 3.1 million ha of land. Half of the production
consists of white maize, for human food consumption. Maize needs 450
to 600 mm of water per season, which is mainly acquired from the soil
moisture reserves. About 15,0 kg of grain is produced for each
millimeter of water consumed. At maturity, each plant will have
consumed 250 l of water. The total leaf area at maturity may exceed
one square meter per plant.

In
developing countries like South Africa, maize is eaten directly
cooked or fried and serves as a staple diet in the various household
for millions of people. Most people even regard maize as a breakfast
cereal, either as pap or in eaten processed form.