Sensitive Hemoglobin Concentration Sensor Based on Graphene-Plasmonic Nanostructure with Review of Applications

ABSTRACT:

Hemoglobin concentration sensors are created in this study using a row of half-cylindrical rods. The suggested structures are capable of accurately detecting blood sample hemoglobin concentration. Two different topologies based on graphene-plasmonic couples are proposed and explored and a comprehensive review is included in this work. The proposed structures are composed of layers of graphene SiO2, Au, and Ag. Multiple plates and cylindrical-shaped graphene layers are added to the structures to improve the functionality (absorption peak value and wavelength) of the absorber (Sensor). By adding more Au layers, the confinement of the incident electromagnetic waves is tightened and the absorption factor is raised. The theoretical background is summarized and the intrinsic nature of graphene plasmons, interactions between graphene and SPPs induced by metallic nanostructures and the electrical control of SPPs by adjusting the Fermi level of graphene are discussed. Subsequently, the development of optical sensors, biological sensors and important components such as absorbers/emitters and reconfigurable optical mirrors for use in new sensor systems are reviewed. To improve the results, the suggested configurations also include how the chemical potential of the graphene layers and "G" (graphene layers thickness) affect the absorption peak and wavelength. The final recommended structure shows a unity absorption peak and is therefore applicable to a variety of structures. The structure is taken into consideration as a refractive index bio-sensor for measuring hemoglobin concentration in blood samples, indicating a respectable sensitivity factor of 570nm/RIU.