The Growth and Characterization of Thin CDs by Solution Deposition Technique

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CONTENTS .- -

CERTIFICATION:

DEDICATION :

ABSTRACT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION : '

1.1 Motivation behind growth of thin

Films

1.2 What are thin films

.I "3 Uses of thin films

1.4 Deposition techniques :

1.5 Reasons for the technique used

in experimentation 10

- CHAPTER TWO : BASIC SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS 12 - 39

2.1 What are SemicondLlcrors 12

2.2 Examples of Semiconductors 14

2 '3 Types of Semiconductors 16

2.4 Semiconductor Statistics 20

2 -41 Probability of occupation of

allowed states 2 0

2.4.2 Dynamics of electrons and holes 22

2.4'3 Band gap energy 26

2.4.4 Densities of carriers : 30

2 '4 -5 Fermi Energy level in Semiconductors 3 4

2.4.6 Diffusion in Semiconductors 3 6

--

viii

I ,

- PAGE

I , CHAPTER THREG - :EXPER~AL PROC~URE 40 - 46

I -'

I 3.1 Description of deposition technique used 40

I

3 '2 Experimental work 43

3.'2. 1 Thickness variation with time and PI1 4 3

3:2 2 Thickness variation with volume of

complexing agent 4 6

3.2.3 Thickness variation with strengths

of C~(NO~)~ and (NH2)2CS in the

ratio 1.0 : 0.5 46

1; a &APTER - FOUR: MEASUREMENTS AND DISCUSSION OF

! RESULTS 47 71

! 4.1 Physical appearance of the deposited

film 4 7 I

I

4.2. Study of the Absorbance of the

film . , 4 7

I

I 4.3 Thickness of film measurement : 53

I

4.3.1 Relative thickness obtained from

1.0:l.O and 1.0:,0.5 Cd(No3I2 and

(NH212CS baths , 5 5

i

i 4.3 "2 Thickness versus PH 56

4.3.3 Thickness versus ,Time : 58 !

I

! 4.4 Thickness versus volume of.complexing

agent 6 1

4.5 Error Calculations 63

PAGE

CHAPTER FIVE: GENERAL CCNCLUSION 72 - 75

5.1 Summary of Results 72

5.2 Applications of Result : 72

5.3 Conclusion : 73

5.4 Suggestions for further study : 74

REFERENCES :


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APA

Kechere, P (2022). The Growth and Characterization of Thin CDs by Solution Deposition Technique. Afribary. Retrieved from https://afribary.com/works/the-growth-and-characterization-of-thin-cds-by-solution-deposition-technique

MLA 8th

Kechere, Paul "The Growth and Characterization of Thin CDs by Solution Deposition Technique" Afribary. Afribary, 16 Oct. 2022, https://afribary.com/works/the-growth-and-characterization-of-thin-cds-by-solution-deposition-technique. Accessed 28 Mar. 2024.

MLA7

Kechere, Paul . "The Growth and Characterization of Thin CDs by Solution Deposition Technique". Afribary, Afribary, 16 Oct. 2022. Web. 28 Mar. 2024. < https://afribary.com/works/the-growth-and-characterization-of-thin-cds-by-solution-deposition-technique >.

Chicago

Kechere, Paul . "The Growth and Characterization of Thin CDs by Solution Deposition Technique" Afribary (2022). Accessed March 28, 2024. https://afribary.com/works/the-growth-and-characterization-of-thin-cds-by-solution-deposition-technique