Tradition and Modernity as a Theme in Wole Soyinka's The Lion and The Jewel

The term Tradition and Modernity have got different definitions and ideals by different people. Everyone tends to have their own perceptions and beliefs about it. By definition, Tradition is a custom or belief that is passed down through generations, which contributes a sense of comfort and belongingness. It is believed to reinforce values as well. Examples include; language, knowledge, norms, authority, etc. Tradition has been the African pride since time immemorial and Wole Soyinka uses it as one of his themes in the play ‘’The Lion and The Jewel’’. He introduces music, drums, dancers and even his characters to demonstrate tradition in his play.  Not only does he talk of tradition but modernity as well which is an opposing term against tradition as far as the theme of the play is concerned. Modernity simply signifies a culture of innovation, a rational ethos challenging traditions and rituals in the name of critical thought, empirical knowledge and humanity that is, a state where people are up with times. Like Lakunle in the play  almost everything is done differently as compared to modernity. 

Soyinka juxtaposes tradition and modernity in the play as he characterizes Lakunle, the village school teacher as the most westernized character and the others as a symbol of tradition. His dominant literary device employed in this juxtaposition is characterization and symbolism.

In examining the theme of tradition and modernity in the play, we will consider some of the instances, the purpose and how they are expressed in the play and the effect they carry.