An Evaluation Of Human Development Through Renewable Energy Provision In An Offgrid Tsumkwe Settlement Area Of Otjozondjupa Region In Namibia

ABSTRACT

Provision of electricity in rural areas enhances the achievement of economic and social development objectives. A photovoltaic mini-grid in the Tsumkwe Settlement Area of Namibia was established to enhance human and community development in the sparsely populated rural areas of Namibia to alleviate poverty. The impact that the mini-grid has had on the target beneficiaries has not been fully quantified and qualified. This study evaluated, and documents such impacts, thus facilitating the motivation for replication on a wider scale. Quantitative data on the community’s perception of energy access and energy poverty was collected through questionnaires administered to 47 household heads in Tsumkwe Settlement Area. In-depth social perceptions on the use of electricity from the mini-grid photovoltaic plant were evaluated through interviews with thirteen key informants, focus group discussions and direct observations. It was established that there is a significant relationship between provision of adequate modern energy services and enhancement of human development opportunities. The provision of electricity has contributed to the improvement in the quality of life of Tsumkwe community members as evidenced by good health, increased small businesses, and decreased crime rates. Replication of such systems countrywide is strongly recommended in order to increase the number of available working hours after sunset, and access to information, thus addressing some of the social and economic needs of the rural population in Namibia.