Child Nutrition and Childhood Development Among Children of Zero (0) To Five (5) Years: A Case Study at Mukhesh Madhivan Children’s Hospital, Jinja District.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION

APPROVAL

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS V

LIST OF TABLES x

LIST OF FIGURES Xi

ABSTRACT xiii

CHAPTER ONE 1

INTRODUCTION 1

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Back ground of the study

1.2 Problem Statement 5

1.3 Purpose of the Study 5

1.4 Specific Objectives of the Study 6

1.5 Research Questions 6

1.6 Scope of the Study 6

1.7 Significance of the Study 6

1.8 Limitations of the Study 7

1.9 Conceptual framework 7

1.10 Definitions of Terms 8

V

CHAPTER

LITERATURE

TWO

REVIEW

.

9

2.0 Introduction

2.1 Determinants of child nutritional status 9

2.1.1. Socio-economic determinants 9

2.1.2. Biological factors 11

2.1.2.2. Birth interval 12

2.1.3. Child individual factors 12

2.1.3.1. Sex of child 12

2.1.3.2. Age of child 12

2.1.4. Geographical factors 13

2.1.5. Household level factors 14

2.1.5.1. Sex of household head 14

2.1.6. Family size and number of children 14

2.1.7. Maternal factors 14

2.1.7.1. Mother’s age 14

2.1.7.2. Mother’s education 15

2.1.7.3. Mother’s occupation 16

2.1.8. Mother’s Body-Mass-Index 16

2.1.9. Mother’s behaviour 16

2.2 Determinants of Childhood Development among children 17

2.2.1 Infant and young child feeding practices 17

2.2.2. Inadequate food intake and improper health care 17

2.2.3. Morbidity of children 18

2.2.3.1. Malnutrition and infection 18

vi

2.2.3.2. Diarrhoea .18

2.2.3.3. Iron deficiency 19

2.2.4. Natural factors 19

2.2.5. Environmental contamination factors 20

2.2.6. Possible remedial measures 20

2.2.6.1. Interventions 20

2.2.7. The Role of NGO’s and mass media 21

2.3 The effect of malnutrition on the child’s aca:1emic performance 22

2.4 The relationship between nutrition and the child growth 23

2.3.1 Nutrition and weight of a child 23

2.3.2 Nutrition and height of a child 25

CHAPTER THREE 27

METHODOLOGY 27

3.0 Introduction 27

3.1 Research Design 27

3.3 Study Population 27

3.4 Sample Size 27

3.5 Sampling Procedure 29

3.5.1 Selection of Participants for Qualitative Data 29

3.5.2 Selection of Participants for Qualitative Data 29

3.6 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 29

3.6.1 Inclusion Criteria 29

3.6.2 Exclusion Criteria 29

3.7 Sources of Data 29

VII

3.8.1 Descriptive Data Collection 30

3.9 Quality Control 30

3.9.1 Validity of the Study 30

3.9.2 Reliability of the Study 31

3.l0DataAnalysis 31

3.10.1 Analysis of Quantitative Data 31

3.10.2 Analysis of Qualitative Data 32

3.11 Ethical consideration 32

3.12 Limitations of the study 33

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION, AND INTERPRETAT’ON 34

4.1 Introduction 34

4.1 Demographic Characteristics 34

4.1.2 Response on child’s Sex 35

4.1.3 Response on Children by age (in months) 35

4.1.4 Marital Status of mothers 36

4.1.5 Education Level of mothers 37

4.1.6 Height of a child 37

4.1.8 Number of times the infants have a balanced diet in a week 38

4.2 Child Nutrition Status 39

4.2.1 Malnutrition status 39

4.2.2 Response on Sex by malnutrition status 40

4.2.3 Child’s physical ability as a childhood development indicator 40

4.2.4 Child’s literacy-numeracy ability as a childhood development indicator 41

VIII

4.2.5 Child’s social-emotional ability as a childhood development indicator 41

4.2.6 Child’s learning ability as a childhood development indicator 42

4.3 Childhood development status 42

4.3.1 Childhood development status 42

4.3.2 The Children went to school 43

4.3.3 Academic performance of infants and its correlation to malnutrition 44

4.3.4 Causes of malnutrition among infants 45

4.4 Relationship between child nutrition and cl1’4hood development 46

CHAPTER FIVE 47

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 47

5.0 Introduction

5.1 Summary of findings 47

5.2 Conclusions 48

5.3 Recommendations 49

5.4 Further research

REFERENCES 52

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I: QUESTIONNAIRE 57