Employment Creation Strategies and Youth Unemployment in Berbera Somaliland

ABSTRACT The study sought to establish the relationship between employment creation strategies and youth unemployment in Berbera, Somaliland. The study was guided by three specific objectives, that included i) to assess the youth employment strategies in Berbera, Somaliland; ii) to assess the extent of youth unemployment in Berbera, Somaliland and (iii) determining the relationship between the relationship between employment creation strategies and youth unemployment in Berbera, Somaliland. This research employed a cross-sectional survey research design. The study population consisted of all the 200,000 youths in Berbera and a sample size of 384 respondents. The findings revealed that youth employment creation strategies in Berbera, Somaliland was generally high (mean= 2.92), youth unemployment is generally rated high and this was indicated by the overall mean of 2.87. Youth employment creation strategies and youth unemployment are positive and significantly correlated. The researcher concluded that; the youths in Berbera, Somaliland are equipped with skills development programs, majority of youths in Berbera, Somaliland are unemployed and it always takes much time for them to get better jobs, better employment creation strategies reduce the level of unemployment among youths in Berbera, Somaliland. The researcher recommended that; the Government of Somaliland to equip the youth with modern skills to start their own businesses and it should provide more employment opportunities for the Youths, hence reducing unemployment among them, the youths in Berbera, Somaliland not just live their current jobs even if they are poor before they get better ones, the youths in Berbera, Somaliland to always find additional employment options for the slow seasons in order to overcome the problem of seasonal unemployment and the Government of Somaliland should provide funds to the youths in Berbera which will help them start their own businesses. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

DECLARATION .......................................................................................................... ii 

APPROVAL ............................................................................................................... iii 

DEDICATION ........................................................................................................... iv 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................ v 

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... vi 

LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ x 

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... xi 

CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................... 1 

1. 1 Background to the Study ..................................................................................... 1 

1.1.1 Historical Perspectives .................................................................................... 1 

1.1.3 Conceptual Perspectives ................................................................................... 3 

1.1.3.1 Youth Employment ....................................................................................... 3 

1.1.4 Contextual Perspectives .................................................................................. 4 

1.2 Statement of the Problem .................................................................................. 5 

1.3 Purpose of the study ........................................................................................... 5 

1.4 Specific Objectives of the study ........................................................................... 5 

1.5 Research Questions ............................................................................................ 5 

1.6 Hypothesis ......................................................................................................... 6 

1.7 Scope of the study .............................................................................................. 6 

1. 7 .1Content Scope .................................................................................................. 6 

1. 7 .2 Geographical scope .......................................................................................... 6 

1. 7 .3 Theoretical scope ............................................................................................ 6 

1.7.4 Time scope ................................................................................................... 6 

1.8 Significance of the study .................................................................................... 7 

1.9 Operational Definition Key Terms ....................................................................... 7 

VI 

CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................. 8 

LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................... 8 

2.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 8 

2.1 Theoretical review ............................................................................................. 8 

2.2 Conceptual Framework ...................................................................................... 9 

2.3 Conceptual Definitions ...................................................................................... 10 

2.3.1 Youth employment strategies .......................................................................... 10 

2.3.2 Youth Employment ......................................................................................... 10 

2.4 The Relationship between youth employment strategies and youth employment. .. 10 

2.5 Skill Training programs ...................................................................................... 12 

2.6 Job Creation ...................................................................................................... 14 

2. 7 Job search assistance ........................................................................................ 14 

2.8 Employment Subsidies ....................................................................................... 15 

2.9 Research gap .................................................................................................... 19 

CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................. 20 

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................ ................... 20 

3.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 20 

3.1 Research Design ................................................................................................ 20 

3.2 Research Population .......................................................................................... 20 

3.3 Sample Size ...................................................................................................... 20 

3.4 Sampling technique and Procedure ..................................................................... 21 

3.5 Research Instrument ........................................................................................ 21 

3.6 Validity and Reliability of the Instrument ............................................................. 21 

3.6.1 Validity ......................................................................................................... 21 

3.6.2 Reliability ....................................................................................................... 22 

3.7 Data Gathering Procedures ............................................................................... 22 

3.8 Data Analysis .................................................................................................... 23 

3.9 Ethical consideration ......................................................................................... 24 

3.10 Limitations to the Study .................................................................................. 24 

CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................... 25 

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ........................... 25 

4.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 25 

4.1 Profile of respondents ........................................................................................ 25 

4.2Extent of employment strategy ............................................................................ 26 

4.3 Youth unemployment. ........................................................................................ 28 

CHAPTER FIVE ................................................................................................ 33 

DISCUSSIONS, CONLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................. 33 

5.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 33 

5.1 Discussions ...................................................................................................... 33 

5.1.1 Employment Creation Strategy ....................................................................... 33 

5.1.2 Youth unemployment. .................................................................................... 35 

5.1.3 Relationship between youth employment creation strategies and youth 

unemployment ....................................................................................................... 35 

5.2 Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 36 

5.3 Recommendation ............................................................................................ 36 

5.4 Areas for further research .................................................................................. 37 

REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 38 

APENDICES ..................................................................................................... 42 

APPENDIX I: TRANSMITTAL LETTER ....................................................................... .42 

APPENDIX II: TRANSMITTAL LETTER FOR THE RESPONDENTS ................................. 43 

APPENDIX III: CLEARANCE FROM ETHICS COMMITTEE ........................................... .44 

APPENDIX IV: INFORMED CONSENT ........................................................................ 45 

APPENDIX VA: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR YOUTHS ........................................................ 46 

APPENDIX V B: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR YOUTHS ........................................................ 49 

APPENDIX VI: CURRICULUM VITA ............................................................................ 56