Abstract: The research aims at defining and analyzing an energy solution that incorporates renewable energy, thereby giving rise to improving energy security and providing grid stability for the grid networks located in urban residential areas. The urbanization growth in Botswana coincides with the increase in electricity consumption. The electricity load demand in the country outlasts the local supply and thereby the need for importing electricity from the Southern Africa Power Pool (S...
Abstract: Photovoltaic technology is a very crucial technology and it is gradually growing worldwide as there is plenty of sunshine daily especially in African countries. The aim of photovoltaic technology is to generate electricity from solar power using photovoltaic devices like solar (photovoltaic) cells. Photovoltaic cells are mostly used to provide electricity in rural areas which are not connected to the national grid like farms (cattle posts). In this work superstrate CZTS solar ce...
Abstract: Remote seismic nodes frequently experience failure because of the short lifecycle of lead–acid batteries. Even the use of solar cells is insufficient because these cells have low energy conversion and requires the deployment of relatively expensive solar energy harvesting systems at the node. The conventional solar energy harvesting system requires hardware upgrades and charging to sustain the power at the remote seismic node. Lead–acid batteries and Direct Current-Direct Curre...
Abstract: Biomass torrefaction has gained widespread attention due to its benefits as a standalone process to improve biomass properties to be at par or similar to those for coal in electricity generation or as a pretreatment step before pyrolysis and gasification processes. It has also found application in other processes like steel production where it is aiming to replace coal or work alongside coal by co-firing the coal with biomass at certain proportions. There have been a lot of papers ...
Abstract: The use of solar energy is in the upswing due to its environmental friendliness and abundance. That notwithstanding, efficiency remains a major problem in many of the applications. Mitigation is normally in the form of tracking systems. This paper therefore investigates dual axis solar tracking systems from two dimensions. Firstly, a review of extant literature was conducted to draw up a trajectory of where we are in the efficiency map, Therefore it was found that the current effic...
Abstract: Modern-day diamond sorting is achieved through the application of X-ray lumi- nescence (XRL) and X-ray transmission (XRT) techniques. Sorting with XRL is limited to the class range of 1.25 mm to 32 mm because of self-absorption associated with larger dia- monds, greater than 32mm. The effect of self-absorption is also a high-energy phenomenon in XRL. XRT is limited to sorting large size diamonds as the technique suffers poor contrast for diamonds smaller than 10mm. XRT measurements...
This study set out to estimate empirically the effects of fiscal decentralization on energy demand in Kenyan counties, 2013-2017. The finding of this study has established the critical role of decentralization in positively influencing electricity demand at the sub-national level through improved energy efficiency, rises in energy innovation and involving local actors in energy planning processes. This has been qualified by the ability of decentralization to provide necessary economic and fin...
Resilient microgrids are being used more frequently to improve the flexibility, resilience, coordinated energy management capabilities, self-sufficiency, and overall reliability of power systems. Power electronics improvements, enhanced control systems, reducing costs, and broad adoption of distributed energy generating technologies like solar photovoltaics and storage are driving this major industry expansion. Microgrids provide backup power sources during grid failures, ensuring resilience ...
Photocatalytic water splitting process is a hopeful means to solve depletion and environmental pollution problems caused by fossil fuels as well as for sustainable hydrogen production using renewable natural resources like sunlight and biomass (cotton stalk). In this study the aim was to fabricate cotton stalk extracted Lignocellulose (LGO) Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles via sol-gel in ethanol and to investigate their photocatalytic water splitting activities under Visible light irra...
In this study, biosynthesized α-MnO2/NiO NPs and chemically oxidative polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized to form ternary composite anode material for MFC. The synthesized materials were characterized with different materials (UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, TGA-DTA-DSC, SEM-EDX-Gwyddion, CV, and EIS) to deeply examine their optical, structural, morphological, thermal, roughness, and electrocatalytic properties. As a result, the bioelectrical activity of α-MnO2/NiO/PANI composite-modified PGE was ve...
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has novel technological advances in simultaneous power generation and wastewater treatment applications. In this study, low-cost biosynthesizedα-MnO2 nanoparticles integration with conducting polyaniline (PANI) matrix to form α-MnO2/PANI hybrid nanocomposite was fabricated by in situ polymerization method. The prepared material was characterized through UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, TGA-DTA, DSC, SEM, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy. MFC perfor...
The use of nanotechnology in bioelectrochemical systems to recover bioelectricity and metals from waste appears to be a potentially appealing alternative to existing established procedures. This trend exactly characterizes the current renewable energy production technology. Hence, this review focuses on the improvement of the anode electrode by using different functional metal oxide-conducting polymer nanocomposites to enhance microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance. Enhancement of interfa...
This paper investigates the odd ratio of selecting clean verses unclean source of energy as the main household fuel choice in urban areas using logistic functions through modelling of a binary dependent variable. Also, the research examines the important determinants of household fuel choice in urban Kenya. The data was obtained from KIPPRA’s data set on patterns of fuel use in Kenya. The study analysis was informed by energy ladder hypothesis and consumer behavior theory as the theoretical...
This study applied a logistic regression model to determine the odds ratio of selecting clean ver-sus unclean energy as the main household fuel choice. This study also undertook to establish the coefficients of the factors determining household fuel energy choice. A large microeconomic dataset from KIPPRA’s comprehensive study and analysis on fuel use patterns in Kenya (2010) was employed to carry out the analysis. This study employed a multinomial logit regression mod-el to determine the f...
ABSTRACT In recent years the entire world is a warring about energy resources limitation, specifically Sudan country confronts critical crises in fossil fuel resources and yet more of electricity energy producing from fired thermal power plants. One from these plants Garri”2” combined cycle producing about 180MW. Exergy analysis in the light second law of thermodynamics is powerful tools to investigate from optimization of engineering devices. Exergy analysis has been carried out analytic...