Foreign Intervention and Peace Building in Mogadishu, Somalia

ABSTRACT This study had the main objective to establish the role of foreign intervention in the peace building of Mogadishu, Somalia. The researcher was motivated by the fact that there was little progress in the peace building process in Mogadishu. The study was guided by the following objectives 1) to examine the foreign intervention strategies employed in Mogadishu Somalia 2) to assess the peace building process in Mogadishu, Somalia and 3) to establish a relationship between the foreign intervention and peace building in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study employed descriptive cross-sectional by design which involved both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Using this method, the researcher used a structured questionnaire (close ended) and an interview guide (for qualitative responses). A research population of 300 was identified and a sample size of 171 respondents was computed using the Slovene’s formula. In selecting the respondents the researcher used simple random sampling technique. From the findings it was found that foreign intervention was very low in all aspects except for military intervention which was found to be high. Peace building process was also found to be low. Analysis of relationships suggested that there was a significant relationship between foreign intervention and peace building at a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.827. Regression analysis computed the R Squared was to be at 0.683. Somalia’s political situation is an ideal example of the hardships and disunity that many African nations have encountered in post colonialist era. Somalia has encountered political instability in the absence of functioning central government, numerous armed groups and militants that control different parts of the country. Ultimately the researcher suggested more civic education, equipping of national security forces, better international relations, foreign electoral oversight and government support to peace talks.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION A

APPROVAL in

DEDICATION iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF FIGURES ix

LIST OF EQUATIONS x

LIST OF ACRONYMS xi

ABSTRACT xii

CHAPTER ONE 1

INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 BACKGRouND OFTHE STuDY 1

1.2 STATEMENTOFTHE PROBLEM 5

1.3 OBJEcnvEs0FTHESTUDY 6

1.4 REsEARcH QuEsTIoNs 6

1.5 HYPOTHESIS 6

1.6 Sc0PE0FmEsTuDY 7

1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 7

CHAPTER TWO 9

LITERATUREREVIEW 9

2.0 INTRODUCTION

2.1 THEORETICAL REVIEW 9

2.2 CONcEPTuAL FF~AMEWORK 10

2.3 RELATED STUDIES 11

2.4 REsEARCH GAPS 19

CHAPTER THREE 20

METHODOLOGY 20

3.0 INTRODUCTION 20

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN 20

3.2 RESEARCH PoPULATIoN 20

3.3 SAMPLE SIzE 20

3.4 SAMPLING PROCEDURE 22

vi

3.5 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS .22

3.6 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT 23

3.7 DATAGATHERING PROCEDURES 24

3.8 DATA ANALYSIS 25

3.9 ETHICAL CONSIDERAiiONS 26

3.10 LIMITATIONs OFTHE STUDY 26

CHAPTER FOUR 27

FINDINGS, PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS 27

4.0 INTRODUCTION 27

4.1 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 27

4.2 OBJECnvE ONE: FOREIGN INTERVENTION STRATEGIES IN M0GADISHU 31

4.3 OBJEcnvE Two: PEACE BUILDING IN M0GADISHU 37

4.4 OBJEcnvE THREE: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FOREIGN INTERVENTION AND PEACE BUILDING IN M0GADISHU 42

4.5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 46

CHAPTER FIVE 47

DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 47

5.0 INTR0DUCn0N 47

5.1 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 47

5.2 CONCLUSIONS 53

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS 53

5.4 AREAS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 54

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

APPENDIX IA: TRANSMITTAL LETTER Iv

APPENDIX IB: TRANSMITTAL LETTER FOR THE RESPONDENTS v

APPENDIX II: CLEARANCE FROM ETHICS COMMITTEE VI

APPENDIX III: INFORMED CONSENT viii

APPENDIX IV: QUESTIONNAIRE ix

APPENDIX III: INTERVIEW GUIDE xii