ABSTRACT
The study area is located in the southeastern part of Nigeria. The area is predominantly, Abakaliki formation of Albian, Asu-River group, Lower Benue Trough. The area lies between latitude N060221 011 to N060 281 011 of the equator and longitude E0080 001 0011 to E0080 061 0011 of the Greenwich meridian. The study was carried out to ascertain the geology and the occurrence of groundwater in the area through detail geological field mappings geophysical investigation borehole drilling and pumping test. Field observations showed that, the area is made up of two litho logical units. Unit “A” (dark gray to blue indurate shale) and Unit “B” (calcareous limestone); Geologic field mapping revealed that Ishieke area is underlain by Abakaliki shale of Abakaliki formation, Asu-River limestone, siltstone and intrusive rocks, all belong to the Asu-River group southern Benue trough. The Albian Asu-River group consist of dark gray to blue indurate shale which covers the entire Abakaliki formation with limestone, lenses of sandstone, intrusive dolerite sill, diorite, basalts and pyroclast. The occurrence of groundwater in the Ishieke area is locally distributed; this was confirmed with geophysical investigations and well drilling. Groundwater in the study area occurs in fractured, weathered zones or intrusive boundaries, which are mostly fractured shale and limestone which have been tectonically affected. The geophysical data acquired was interpreted with IPI2WIN software. The borehole was drilled with Rotary hammer drilling rig. The pumping test was done with 1HP submersible pump (high head), the test was done for 180 minutes and quick recovery of about 75 minutes was recorded showing that the aquifer is prolific.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter title Page
Approval iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgements v
Abstract vi
Table of Content vii
Chapter One 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Location and Accessibility 2
1.2 Aim and Objective 4
1.3 Literature Review 5
1.4 Materials and Methods 6
1.4.1 Materials 6
1.4.2 Methodology 6
1.5 Topography and Drainage 8
1.5.1 Topography 9
1.5.2 Drainage 9
1.5.2 Climate and Vegetation 9
1.5.2.1 Climate 10
1.5.2.2 Vegetation 10
1.5.2.3 Soil Type 11
Chapter Two 13
2.0 Regional Geology 13
2.1 Tectonic Setting and Evolution of Aulacogen 15
2.2 Stratigraphic Setting 16
Chapter Three 21
Local Stratigraphy of the Study Area 21
3.1 Lithologic Description 21
Chapter Four 35
4.0 Result and Discussion 35
4.1 Geophysical Survey VES (Vertical Electrical Sounding) 35
4.1.1.1.2 Recommendations 36
4.1.1.2. Discussion of results 36
4.1.1.2.2 Recommendations 37
4.1.2 Pumping test data 38
4.1.2.2 Recovery 39
Chapter Five 42
5.1 Sedimentary structures 42
5.2 Tectonic structures 44
5.3 Igneous intrusion 46
Chapter Six 46
6.1 Economic geology 46
6.1.1 Shale 46
6.1.2 Limestone 46
6.1.3 Dolerite 47
6.2 Hydrogeology 47
Chapter Seven 48
Summary and Conclusion 48
7.0 Summary 48
7.1 Conclusion 48
7.3 Recommendation 49
References 50
Appendix 53
LIST OF TABLES
1: Regional stratigraphic sequence of southeastern Nigeria. (Modified by Reyment
(1965), Murat (1972) and Hoque (1977). 21
2: .Local Stratigraphy of the Area 22
3: Borehole Lithology from Monitoring Borehole at EBSU Perm Site
(location one) 25
4: Pumping Test data 41
5: Pumping Test Recovery Data 42
6: Showing Trend of joint at location Two 44
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Accessibility map of Ishieke and Environment. 3
Figure 2: Map of Ebonyi State showing the study area. 4
Figure 3: Showing equipment used during the field work 7
Figure 4:Drainage map of Ishieke and Environment 10
Figure 5: Mean annual rainfall of Nigeria for 1951 – 1995 (Adapted from Igbozuruike, 1975) 11
Figure6: Vegetation of Ishieke Environment 12
Figure 7: Geologic map of southern Benue Trough (Murat, 1972) 15
Fig.8Geologic Map of the Study Area. 23
Fig:9.Borehole point at EBSU perm site (location one) 24
Fig:10 brown shale at location Two. 26
Fig:11Showing Bluewish- gray shale at location Six 26
Fig.12: Brown shale at location eight. 28
Fig.13: Hammer Pointing at Shale Bed in Edomia Village. 29
Fig.14: Pencil showing Fissile Shale at Umuagarah Village 30
Fig:15 Dolerite intrusion at Alibaruhu village. 32
Fig: 16.Limestone at location 33
Fig.17: limestone with solution cavity at Idembia village Permanent Site. 34
Fig.19Limestone as observed at river bank in Umuagara Ngbo. 35
Fig 20.VES GRAPH 1 37
Fig. 21 VES GRAPH 2 38
Fig.22 VES GRAGH 3 40
Fig. 23Rose Diagram Showing Trend of Joints at Location Two 45
Fig.24Dolerite sill at Alibaruhu village 46
Nwakpa, L. & Nwakpa, L (2022). GEOLOGY AND OCCURRENCE OF GROUNDWATER IN ISHIEKE AREA SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA. Afribary. Retrieved from https://afribary.com/works/geology-and-occurrence-of-groundwater-in-ishieke-area-southeastern-nigeria
Nwakpa, Luke, and Luke Nwakpa "GEOLOGY AND OCCURRENCE OF GROUNDWATER IN ISHIEKE AREA SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA" Afribary. Afribary, 05 Nov. 2022, https://afribary.com/works/geology-and-occurrence-of-groundwater-in-ishieke-area-southeastern-nigeria. Accessed 10 Oct. 2024.
Nwakpa, Luke, and Luke Nwakpa . "GEOLOGY AND OCCURRENCE OF GROUNDWATER IN ISHIEKE AREA SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA". Afribary, Afribary, 05 Nov. 2022. Web. 10 Oct. 2024. < https://afribary.com/works/geology-and-occurrence-of-groundwater-in-ishieke-area-southeastern-nigeria >.
Nwakpa, Luke and Nwakpa, Luke . "GEOLOGY AND OCCURRENCE OF GROUNDWATER IN ISHIEKE AREA SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA" Afribary (2022). Accessed October 10, 2024. https://afribary.com/works/geology-and-occurrence-of-groundwater-in-ishieke-area-southeastern-nigeria