Impact of Agricultural Land Acquisition for Urbanisation on Agricultural Activities of Affected Households in Bumbogo Sector

Abstract

The procedure by which the government obtains agricultural land for urbanization involves acquisition of agricultural land from multiple users, transferring it into non-farming land, and then developing and establishing infrastructure on the non-agricultural region. Land acquisition for urbanization had a substantial influence on agriculture in the Bumbogo sector. 2002, 2012, and 2022 are the most recent 20 years. In this study, conduction of surveys in a range of communities to find out how much agricultural land has changed. Spatial data obtained from not only primary data such as observation, interviews, and field data collection, but also secondary data such as satellite data, primarily Landsat images, of 2002, 2012, and 2022 was downloaded free of cost from the USGS Earth Explorer and classified using ERDAS Imagine 2014, By comparing before and after ALAFU, this study demonstrates the various effects of ALAFU on each type of agriculture practiced by impacted households. Agricultural activity has decreased as a consequence of urbanization as well as a farmland purchase, which caused decline of productive land. The research revealed that, 1376.6 hectares which is equal to 35.74 % of the entire agriculture area have been changed to other LULC and 648.27 hectares which is equal to 47.09 % of agriculture land has been changed to built-up area. Vertical agriculture should be adopted due to its advantageous associated with urban dwellers as a good consumer market and upgrading infrastructure should be enhanced without affecting the environment. Plantations and livestock breeding have declined significantly. Regardless of whether they are diminishing or rising, all agricultural activities confront difficulties due to gaps in the development plans and distribution of agricultural land. This study provided suggestions to the government on what would happen if the ALAFU projects are continued, as well as how After ALAFU actions, they should assess agricultural development and choose sustainable solutions. Also, For the impacted communities to grow sustainably, they must work very hard to maintain urban or peri-urban agriculture.

Keywords: agricultural land acquisition, urban agriculture, urbanization, GIS, household and vertical farming.

TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY i

APPROVAL ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

Abstract v

List of figures ix

List of tables x

List of abbreviation xi

CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1

1.1. Background of the study 1

1.2. Problem statement 3

1.4. Objectives 4

1.4.1. General objectives 4

1.4.2. Specific objectives 4

1.5. Research Questions 4

1.6. Research Hypotheses 4

1.7. Scope of the study 5

1.7.1. Geographical scope 5

1.7.2. Time scope 5

1.7.3. Content scope 5

1.10. Definition of key concepts 7

1.10.1. Urbanization 7

1.10.2. Agriculture 8

CHAPTER2: LITERATURE REVIEW 9

2.1. Introduction 9

2.2. Aspect of Agricultural Land Acquisition for Urbanization 9

2.3. Agriculture Management Techniques: 10

2.4. push and pull factors (Movement to cities) 11

2.5. Gender equality household and Gender issues in agriculture 14

2.6. Risks of city workers and residents 14

2.7. Literacy and skills development 16

2.8. The Constitution of the Republic of Rwanda 16

2.9. Rwanda Vision 2020 17

2.10. Strategy for Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction (EDPRS II) 17

2.11. City Development Strategy (CDs 2018-2024) 18

2.11.1. SWOT Analysis 18

2.11.2. Stakeholder Analysis 20

2.12. Detailed Proposals for Urban Development and the Kigali City Master

Plan 22

2.13. Expansion of cities and demographic change 23

2.14. Urban Growth 23

2.15. Model of an Urban 24

2.16. Environment and Climate Change 24

2.17. Research gaps 25

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 26

3.1. Study area description 26

3.2 Flow chart of Methodology 29

3.3. Data source 29

3.4. Data collection techniques 30

3.4.1. Primary data 30

3.4.2. Secondary data 31

3.4. software used 32

3.5. Classification 32

3.5.1. Flow Chart/steps of classification 33

3.5.2. Data Pre-processing 33

3.5.3. Image enhancement 34

3.5.4 Supervised Classification 34

3.5.5. Change detection 36

3.6 built-up area 36

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 38

4.0. Introduction 38

4.1. General characteristics of land use land covers in Bumbogo sector 38

4.2. Land use/cover analysis 38

4.3. Accuracy assessment 42

4.4.built-up-area in Bumbogo sector 44

4.5.the change in agricultural area to built-up area under the impact of ALAFU

4.6. Sustainable solutions on the impacts of ALAFU 49

CHAPTER5: Conclusion and Recommendation 50

5.0. Introduction 50

5.1. Conclusion 50

5.2. Recommendation 51

5.2.0. Introduction 51

5.2.1. Recommendation to local community: 51

5.2.2. Recommendation to stakeholders 51

References 54

Appendix1 58

Accuracy assessment formulas 58

Appendix2: Questionnaire and interview guide 61