IMPACT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF CHEMISTRY IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN THE YILO KROBO AND LOWER MANYA KROBO MUNICIPALITIES

ABSTRACT

This study examined the impact of instructional materials in the teaching and learning of chemistry in senior high schools in the Yilo Krobo and Lower Manya Krobo municipalities. The main objective of the study was to establish if there is significant difference in academic performance in chemistry between students exposed to chemistry IM and those not exposed. The specific objectives were to: assess the available instructional materials used in teaching and learning of chemistry in the study area, determine how chemistry teachers overcome the challenges of non-availability of IM in schools and to investigate how often students are exposed to the use of chemistry IM. Questionnaires and Students’ Chemistry Achievement test were administered. SPSS and excel were used to analyze the data in descriptive statistical forms. Inferential statistics, ANOVA and independent T-test were used to test the statistical significance between post-test scores of experimental and control groups with a 0.05 level of significance. There was a significant difference between the post-test mean score of students exposed to the use of chemistry IM and those not exposed. These findings implied that the use of IM had a significant influence in the performance of chemistry at the senior high school level.

Table of Contents

DECLARATION                                             i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT                                ii

DEDICATION                                                iii

TABLE OF CONTENT iv

LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………….…..vii

LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………………...viii

GLOSSARY……………………………………………………………………………………..ix

ABSTRACT………………….……………………………………………………………….....x

 

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1.0 Overview 1

            1.1       Background to Study………………………………………………………….…...1

            1.2       Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………….3

            1.3       Rationale of Study………………………………………………………………....4

            1.4       Purpose of the Study………………………………………………………………5

            1.5       Objective of Study………………………………………………………………...5

            1.6       Research Questions………………………………………………………………..6

            1.7       Significance of Study……………………………………………………………...7

            1.8       Delimitation of the Study…………………………………………………………7

            1.9       Limitation of the Study……………………………………………………………8

            1.10     Organization of the Chapters of the Study………………………..…………….…8

 

CHAPTER TWO

       Literature Review

       2.0 Overview…………………………………………………………………………….…...9

            2.1       Concept of Chemistry…………………………………………………….……….9

            2.2       Meaning of Instructional Materials………………………………………………10

            2.3       Sources and Types of Instructional Materials……………………………………11

2.4       The Concept of Teaching and Learning…………………………….……………14

2.5       Role of Instructional Materials…………………………………………………..16

2.6       Standard and Improved Instructional Materials……………………………….…18

2.7         Related Studies on Improvised Instructional Material and Pupils’ Achievement in Science subjects……………………………………………………………....20

 

CHAPTER THREE

       Methodology

        3.0 Overview………………………………………………………………….………….…23

3.1       Research Design………………………………………………………………….23

3.2       Research Population……………………………………………………………...24

3.3       Sample of the Study……………………………………………………………...25

3.4       Research Instrument……………………………………………………………...26

3.5       Validity of Research Instrument…………………………………………………28

3.6       Reliability of Research Instrument………………………………………….…...28

3.7       Methods or Procedure for Data Collection………………………………………29

3.8       Method of Data Analysis……………...…………………………………………30

 

CHAPTER FOUR

Results Findings and Discussion

      4.0Overview………………………………………………………………………………....32

            4.1       Response Rate……………………………………………………………………32

            4.2       Demographic Variables of the Respondent……………...………………………33

            4.2.1    Respondents’ Group Type……………………………………………………….33

            4.2.2    Number of Respondents…………………………………………………………33

4.3       State of Chemistry IM of Schools in Yilo Krobo and Lower Manya Krobo……34

  4.4       How Chemistry Teachers Overcome the Challenges Associated with the Non-Availability of IM……………………………………………………….……….36

            4.5       Students’ rating on various Academic Abilities………………………………....37

            4.6       Students’ attitude towards various activities in Chemistry………………………39

            4.7       Students’ rating of various aspects of Chemistry Practical…………………...…40

            4.8       Perspectives on various effects of Senior High School Chemistry Practical……41

4.9       Teaching strategies employed by Chemistry teachers and how often they were being used………………………………..………………………………………44

4.10     Chemistry practical and Students’ performance in Chemistry…………………..45

4.11     Performance of Students in Experimental and Control Groups……………….…46

4.12     Usage of IM in Chemistry Lessons………………………………………………48

4.13     Students’ Discipline……………………………………………………………...50

 

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

      5.0Overview…………………………………………………………………………………52

            5.1       Summary of the Findings………………………………………………………...52

            5.2       Conclusions……………………………………………………………………....55

            5.3       Recommendations………………………………………………………………..56

            5.4       Recommendations for Further Research…………………………………………57

            References………………………………………………………………………………..58

            Appendices……………………………………………………………………………….61