EFFECTS OF MULTIMEDIA INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES ON CHEMISTRY STUDENTS’ SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS ACQUISITION AND ACHIEVEMENT IN KANO STATE

ABSTRACT

This study examined the effects of multimedia instructional strategies on chemistry students’ science process skills acquisition and achievement in Kano state. Six research questions and six null hypotheses guided the study. Researchers have revealed that students perform poorly in practical chemistry in spite of all that has been done to improve science teaching and learning in secondary schools. This situation could hamper their overall achievement in chemistry and therefore could cripple the realization of national goals for scientific and technological development. Literature has also shown that the use of innovative teaching methods such as multimedia instructional strategy could enhance science process skills acquisition and achievement in science, including chemistry. It is on this note that this study was carry out. The design of the study was quasi-experimental, specifically pre-test, post-test, non-equivalent control group design. A random sampling technique using balloting method was used in selecting three public senior secondary schools out of the sixty-five (65) secondary schools in Nassarawa Education Zone because of the experimental nature of the study. Eighty-one (81) students were used for the two experimental groups and thirty-nine (39) students were used for the control group. All the groups were intact classes. The instruments used in data collection are science process skills acquisition test (SPSAT) which is designed to assess the level of students’ science process skills acquired in qualitative analysis and qualitative analysis concepts achievement test (QACAT) which is to measure the level of knowledge attained in qualitative analysis concepts in chemistry. The instruments were validated by experts in chemistry education and measurement and evaluation based on content coverage, clarity, non-ambiguity, relevance and to the level of the students’ knowledge. Split half reliability technique was used to estimate the reliability coefficient of SPSAT. The scores were correlated using Pearson product moment correlation analysis and found to be 0.79.On the other hand, the reliability coefficient of QACAT was calculated using test, retest procedure of two weeks interval. The scores of the two tests were also correlated using Pearson product moment correlation and found to be 0.88. The data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test, analyzing of covariance (ANCOVA) and Scheffe post hoc test at 0.05level of significance. The findings of this study revealed that multimedia instructional strategy improved both the acquisition of science process skills and academic achievement better than the conventional laboratory method. The study also found that there is statistically significant difference between the two experimental groups. However, there was no significant difference across gender in the acquisition of science process skill. The following recommendations were made among others: The government at all levels should recruit qualified chemistry teachers and train them in the use of multimedia facilities such as computers, projectors, softwares, internet, video tutorials, e.t.c.,The curriculum planners and curriculum development bodies in Nigeria such as NERDC should revisit the chemistry curriculum with a view to design programme and policies that will incorporate the use of video-based and web-based multimedia strategies in teaching and learning of sciences at senior secondary school level.

 

CONTENTS                                                                                                                          PAGE

Cover Page                                                                                                                                          i

Fly leaf                                                                                                                                                ii

Title Page                                                                                                                                            iii

Declaration                                                                                                                                          iv

Certification                                                                                                                                        v

Acknowledgement                                                                                                                              vi

Table of Contents                                                                                                                               vii-ix

List of Tables                                                                                                                                      x

List of Figures                                                                                                                                     xi

List of Appendices                                                                                                                             xii

List of Abbreviations                                                                                                                          xiii

Abstract                                                                                                                                              xiv

CHAPTER ONE:     INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study                                                                                                                   1

Statement of the Problem                                                                                                                   5

Objectives of the Study                                                                                                                      6

Research Questions                                                                                                                             7

Research Hypothesis                                                                                                                           8

Significance of the Study                                                                                                                   8

Scope of the Study                                                                                                                             9

Definitions of Terms                                                                                                                           10

CHAPTER TWO:    LITERATURE REVIEW

Theoretical Framework                                                                                                                       11

Multimedia in Science Teaching and Learning                                                                                   17

An overview Science Process Skills                                                                                                   21

Qualitative Analysis in Practical Chemistry                                                                                       27

Instructional Delivery Strategies in Science Teaching and Learning                                                 30

Factors Influencing Academic Achievement in Chemistry Education                                              35

Gender influence on achievement and science process skills acquisition using Multimedia Strategy 36

Review of Similar Studies                                                                                                                  37

Summary                                                                                                                                             41

CHAPTER THREE:                       RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design                                                                                                                                 43

Area of Study                                                                                                                                     44

Population of the study                                                                                                                      44

Sample and Sampling Procedure                                                                                                        45

Instruments for Data Collection                                                                                                         45

Validity of the Instruments                                                                                                                47

Reliability of the Instruments                                                                                                             48

Administration and Scoring of Instruments                                                                                       49

Development of Internet-Based Multimedia Instructional Package (IBMIP)                                   49

Development of Video-Based Multimedia Instructional Package (VBMIP)                                                51

Experimental Procedure                                                                                                                      53

Control of Extraneous Variables                                                                                                        59

Method of data Analysis                                                                                                                    60

Decision Rule                                                                                                                                      60

   

CHAPTER FOUR:  RESULTS, DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Data Analysis and Result Presentation                                                                                               61

Summary of Findings                                                                                                                         69

Discussion of Results                                                                                                                          70

CHAPTER FIVE:    SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary                                                                                                                                             74

Conclusion                                                                                                                                          75

Recommendations                                                                                                                              76

Limitations of the study                                                                                                                     77

Suggestions for further Research                                                                                                        77

REFERENCES                                                                                                                                79-85

APPENDICES                                                                                                                                  86-122