Prevalance And Risk Factors Of Urinary Tract Infections Among Pregnant Mothers Attending Antenatal Care At Kampala International University Teaching Hosipital

ABSTRACT

Background: Urinary tract infections represent the most common bacterial infection in

pregnancy. Screening for and treatment of UTI in pregnancy has become a standard of obstetric

care and most antenatal guidelines include routine screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria.

The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalance and risk factors of Urinary Tract Infections

among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care at Kampala International University -Teaching Hospital.

Materials and methods: A retrospective study was carried out from July to September 2014. A

systematic random sampling technique was used until a sample size of 177 respondents was reached from

a population of 868 mothers and a data collection checklist was used to collect data.

Results: The study found out that out of the 177 mothers sampled, 25(14.1%) were diagnosed with UTI.

Out of the 25 mothers diagnosed with UTI, most of the mothers were between 20-30years of age (52%),

multiparous (60%), in second trimester (48%), and having hemoglobin concentration of more than

11.5g/dl (68%). There was a low prevalance of UTI among mothers whose hemoglobin concentration was

below 11.5g/dl (32%).

Conclusion and recommendation: There’s a high prevalence of UTI among pregnant mothers attending

ANC at KIUTH. Therefore, there’s need for KIUTH to maintain regular health education to the

mothers attending ANC about the prevalence and present burden of UTI and extend the

education services to communities in Bushenyi district in order to help reduce cases of UTI

especially during pregnancy.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION………………………………………………………………………………….i

SUPERVISOR’S APPROVAL…………………………………………………………………...ii

DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………………………iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………………………..iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………………….v

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS……………………………………………………………..…....viii

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS………………………………………………………………..ix

LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………………..xi

LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………...xii

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………….xiii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1Background…………………………………………………………………………………….1

1.2 Problem statement……………………………………………………………………………..4

1.3 Justification of the study……………………………………………………………………....4

1.4 Objectives of the study………………………………………………………………………...5

1.4.1 General objective………………………………………………………………………….5

1.4.2 Specific objectives………………………………………………………………………...5

1.4.3 Research questions………………………………………………………………………...6

1.4.4 Purpose of the study……………………………………………………………………….6

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Prevalence of UTIs in pregnancy………………………………………………………….......7

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2.2 Risks factors associated with development of UTI in pregnancy………………….……..…...8

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Study design………………………………………………………………………………….11

3.2 Study area…………………………………………………………………………………….11

3.3 Study duration……….………………………………………………………………….……11

3.4 Study population……………………………………………………………………………..11

3.5 Sample size determination…………………………………………………………………...12

3.6 Sampling procedure………………………………………………………………………….12

3.7 Inclusion criteria……………………………………………………………………………..13

3.8 Exclusion criteria…………………………………………………………………………….13

3.9 Data collection techniques…………………………………………………………………...13

3.10 Data management…………………………………………………………………………..13

3.11 Data analysis………………………………………………………………………………..14

3.12 Ethical consideration………………………………………………………………………..14

3.13 Study limitation……………………………………………………………………………..14

3.14 Dissemination of findings…………………………………………………………………..14

3.15 Quality control……………………………………………………………………………...15

CHAPTER FOUR: RESEARCH FINDINGS

4.1 Selected sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of respondents……………………16

4.2 Prevalance of UTI among pregnant mothers at KIUTH……………………………………..18

4.3 Age distribution of the cases………………………………………………………………....19

4.4 Parity distribution of the cases……………………………………………………………….20

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4.5 Distribution of cases in relation to gestational age…………………………………………..21

4.6 Distribution of cases according to hemoglobin concentration……………………………….22

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION

5.1 Prevalance of UTI among pregnant mothers at KIUTH……………………………………23

5.2 Risk factors associated with development of UTI among pregnant mothers attending

antenatal care at KIUTH…………………………………………………………………………23

CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………………………………………26

6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS……………………………………………………………………27

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………..28

APPENDIX A: DATA COLLECTION CHECKLIST…………………………………………32

APPENDIX B: MAP OF BUSHENYI DISTRICT…………………………………………….35

APPENDIX C: LETTER OF INTRODUCTION……………………………………………….