Risk Factors Associated With Preeclampsia Among Mothers Admitted At Kamapala International University Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a syndrome characterized by the onset of hypertension and proteinuria after 20

weeks of gestation. Additional signs and symptoms that can occur including visual disturbances,

headache, epigastric pain, thrombocytopenia, and abnormal liver function(Bulletins--Obstetrics,

2002) There are a wide range of risk factors associated with preeclampsia in pregnancy, varying from

the history of previous preeclampsia, parity, age and comorbidities according to the WHO A retrospective study was conducted among a sample of 43 mothers randomly selected from those admitted to maternity ward between October 2013 and September 2014 The study found out that 10 of the 43 mothers whose records were followed were admitted with preeclampsia, and that 3 of these mothers were aged between 38-47, and 3 of them were gravida 2 and 4. The most important comorbidity in this study was HIV with 3 out of the 10 mothers being HIV positive, and the presence of past preeclampsia. The study concluded that the prevalence of preeclampsia is extremely high among the mothers admitted to the maternity ward in the year 2013 and the most common risk factors associated with the development of preeclampsia was maternal age, and the presence of HIV was the most significant associated comorbidity with preeclampsia And recommended that the hospital should start conducting community outreach programs to small health units to improve the detection and treatment of preeclampsia in the region, the study recommended that another study with a wider scientific scope should be designed to determine the cause of preeclampsia in first pregnancy and the prevalence of comorbidity should be determined in another study using a large number of mothers

Table of contents

DECLARATION............................................................................................................................ I

APPROVAL ................................................................................................................................... I

DEDICATION.............................................................................................................................. II

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... IV

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................... V

LIST OF EQUATION .......................................................................................................................... VI

LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................ VII

DEFINITION OF OPERATIONAL TERMS ....................................................................... VIII

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. IX

CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTIONS ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 1

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT ............................................................................................................... 5

1.3 STUDY JUSTIFICATION ................................................................................................................ 5

1.4 STUDY OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................... 6

1.4.1 BROAD OBJECTIVE: ................................................................................................................. 6

1.4.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: .............................................................................................................. 6

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................... 6

1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY ........................................................................................................................ 6

CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 7

LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................ 7

2.1 PREVIOUS LITERATURE .............................................................................................................. 7

CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................... 11

STUDY METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 11

3.0 INTRODUCTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 11

3.1 STUDY DESIGN ......................................................................................................................... 11

3.2 STUDY SITE .............................................................................................................................. 11

3.3 STUDY POPULATION ................................................................................................................. 11

3.3.1 SAMPLING SIZE DETERMINATION .......................................................................................... 12

3.3.2 SAMPLING PROCEDURE ......................................................................................................... 12

3.4 INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA ..................................................................................... 12

v

3.4.1 INCLUSION CRITERIA ............................................................................................................ 12

3.4.2 EXCLUSION CRITERIA ........................................................................................................... 12

3.4 DATA COLLECTION METHODS ................................................................................................. 13

3.5 DATA ANALYSIS PLAN ............................................................................................................. 13

3.6 DATA PRESENTATION PLAN ..................................................................................................... 13

3.7 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION ........................................................................................................ 13

3.8 STUDY LIMITATION .................................................................................................................. 13

CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................................... 14

STUDY FINDINGS .................................................................................................................... 14

4.1 THE PREVALENCE OF PRE-ECLAMPSIA ...................................................................................... 14

4.2 SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTIC OF MOTHERS WITH PREECLAMPSIA ............................. 14

4.3 COMORBIDITIES ASSOCIATED WITH PREECLAMPSIA ................................................................. 16

CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................................................ 18

DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................... 18

5.1 DISCUSSIONS ............................................................................................................................ 18

5.2 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................ 21

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................................... 21

APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................. 22

APPENDIX I: DATA COLLECTION TOOL .......................................................................................... 22

APPENDIX II: WORK SCHEDULE ..................................................................................................... 25

APPENDIX III: RESEARCH BUDGET ............................................................................................... 26

APPENDIX IV: LETTER OF INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 27

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 28

List of Figures

Figure 1: The Prevalence of Pre eclampsia ................................................................................... 14

List of Tables

Table 1: Age of mothers with pre eclampsia ................................................................................ 15

Table 2: Parity of Mothers with Pre eclampsia ............................................................................. 15

Table 3: Level of Proteinuria ........................................................................................................ 15

Table 4: WOA of mothers with preeclampsia ..............................................................................