The Effects of Armed Violence On “Communities of Malaso Division of Samburu Central District of Kenya

ABSTRACT This survey, “The effect of armed violence on the communities of Malaso division Samburu central district of Kenya”, described the impact of on the communities of Malaso division. Livestock raiding have become increasingly violent since 1996 as small arms became increasingly widely available. It is now associated with higher and less discriminate loss of human life and greater livestock losses. Insecurity has had a negative impact on the mobility of livestock and access to some of the best grazing lands within the division, This was most acute during the drought years as noted in the 2008/2009 drought that have had a devastating effect on livestock mortality The study made notes of loss of human life, property, displacement disruption of social-economic activities and loss of livelihood by Malaso communities, The information generated will have a practical implication on policy makers and humanitarian Aid providers as timely and effective intervention measures will be instituted, I have recommended that an investigation be conducted to establish the established conflict structures that have been affecting Malaso division in order to facilitate prevention and a humanitarian assistant provided in line with the United Nation Charter on the provision of humanitarian assistant.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL

DECLARATION

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DEDICATION ,,•••,•~,, IV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v

ABSTRACT

LIST OF TABLES Vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS .,,,~ Viii

C~A~TE~ 1

INTRODUCTION ..•,~,,,,,.1

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY....,,,,,,~, 1

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ~ 6

1,3 PURPOSE OF THE STuDY ~ 6

1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ~ 6

1.5 RESEARCH

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY...,...,,,..,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7

1.7 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY ~ 7

1.8 CONCEPTUAL FAME WORK,.,,,,,..,,..,,.,. 8

CHAP’rER 1~~WO 10

LITERATURE REVIEW ~ 9

2.1INTRODUCfIQN ,,.,.g

2.2 THEORETICAL REVIEW ~ 9

2.3 RELATED STUDIES 16

2.4 CONCLUSION 24

viii

C~1AP’T’ER 1~~1REE ~ 25

METHODOLOGY .25

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN 25

3.2 RESEARCH POPULATION 25

3.3SAMPLING PROCEDURE AND SAMPLE SIZE 25

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3.5 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF INSTRUMENT 27

3.6 DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES 28

3.7 DATA ANALYSIS 29

3.8 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION 29

3.9 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 30

CHAPTER ~ 31

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF DATA 31

4.1 INTRODUCTION 31

4.2 THE OUT COME OF ARMED VIOLENCE ON COMMUNITIES OF 31

4.2.1 LIVELIHOOD CHANGES 31

4.3 PROCEDURE USED BY CATTLE RUSTLERS TO ACQUIRE LIVESTOCK 35

4.4 COMMUNITIES RESPONSES TO THE ARMED VIOLENT 36

CHAPTER

FINDINGS,

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CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS 37

5.1 CINTRODUCTION 37

5.2 FINDINGS 37

5.3 CONCLUSIONS 40

5.4 RECOMMENDATION 42

REFERENCES 43

APPENDICES 45