Unemployment And Poverty in Puntland Somalia

ABSTRACT This study established the relationship between unemployment and poverty among the people of Puntland in Somalia. To achieve the research purpose, the following research objectives were formulates: to assess the level of unemployment among the people in Puntland, Somalia; to examine the level of poverty among the people in Puntland, Somalia; to establish whether there is any significant relationship between unemployment and poverty among the people in Puntland, Somalia. Descriptive correlation design was employed in this study; the sample size was 106 and these were sampled from a total population of 145. Systematic random sampling was used to select different categories of respondents. The data collection instruments used included the questionnaire and interview guide. The validity and reliability of the research instruments were determined using content validity index and pretesting. The data collected about the variables was coded and Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) was used for data entry and analysis. Mean ranges and standard deviations were used for the items that significantly measured the study variables, Pearson’ correlation and regression coefficient were used to establish the relationships between unemployment and the poverty among people in Puntland. The study findings indicated the level of unemployment among the people in Puntland is high (2.30 and standard deviation of .80); the level of poverty among the people of Puntland is also high (overall mean average of 2.42 and standard deviation of.82); and finally, the study found out that there is a positive, strong and significant relationship between unemployment and the level of poverty among people in Puntland, Somalia. This finding is indicated in the r. value of 0.676 and significant value of 0.000. Based on the research findings, the following recommendations have been made: the ministry of Agriculture and Tourism Development together with the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning should design strategies lead to revitalization of agriculture so as to provide employment opportunities; the central government together with the local government should look into ways of attracting Foreign Direct Investment as a way of fighting unemployment as well as poverty among the people of Puntland. This can be done through by giving tax holidays and tax exemption among other n~ethods; the government should also encourage universal technical education besides universal secondary education and universal primary education in Somalia; the government together with the Opposition parties should engage themselves into negotiations and dialogue such that political instability can be achieved in the country for better socio-economic development and attract foreign investors as well as local investors.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION

APPROVAL

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS viii

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE 1

INTRODUCTION

1 .0 Introduction 1

.1 Background ofthe study 1

• 1 . I Historical Perspectives 1

1. 1.2 Theoretical Perspectives 3

.1 .3 Conceptual Perspectives 3

1.1.4 Contextual Perspectives 4

1.2 Problem Statement 5

1.3 Purpose ofthe Study

1.4 Specific Objectives 6

1.5 Research Questions 6

1.6 Null Hypothesis 6

1.7 Scope ofthe study 6

1.8 Significance ofthe Study 7

1.9 Operational definition ofterms and concepts 8

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9

2,0 Introduction 9

2.1 Theoretical review 9

2.2 Conceptual Framework 10

2.3 Unemployment 11

2.4 Poverty

2.5 Relationship between Unemployment and Poverty 15

2.6 Gaps in the Literature Review 16

CHAPTER THREE 18

METHODOLOGY 18

3.0 Introduction 18

3.1. Research Design 18

3.2 Research Population 18

3.4 Sampling Procedure 19

3.5 Data Sources 19

3.6 Data Collection Instruments 20

3.6,1 Questionnaire Survey 20

3.6.2 Interview Guides 20

3.7 Validity and Reliability ofInstruments 21

3.8 Data Gathering Procedures 22

3.9 Data Analysis 23

3. 10 Ethical Consideration 23

3.11 Limitations ofthe Study 23

CHAPTER FOUR 25

PRESENTATION, A.NALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 25

4.0 Introduction 25

4.1 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents 25

4.3 Level of unemployment among the people in Puntland, Somalia 27

4.3 Level of poverty among the people in Puntland, Somalia 29

4.4 Relationship between unemployment and poverty among the people in Puntland, Somalia 33

CHAPTER FIVE 36

DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 36

5.1 Introduction 36

5.2 Discussion of Findings 36

5.1.1 Level of unemployment among the people in Puntland, Somalia 36

5.1.21 Level of poverty among the people in Puntland, Somalia 37

5.1.3 Relationship between unemployment and poverty among the people in Puntland, Somalia ..,... 39

5.3 Conclusions 41

5.3.1 Level of Unemployment among the People in Puntland 41

5.3.2 Level of Poverty among the People in Puntland 41

5.3.3 Relationship between Unemployment and Poverty among the People in Puntlancl 41

5.4 Recommendations 42

5.5 Area for Further research 43

REFERENCE 44

APPEJMCES 47

APPENDIX IA: TRANSMITTAL LEflER 47

APPENDIX TB: TRANSMITTAL LETTER FOR RESPONDENTS 48

APPENDIX III: INFORMED CONSENT 49

APPENDIX IV: QUESTIONNAIRE 50

APPENDIX V: INTERVIEW GUIDE 53

APPENDIX VI: CURRICULUM VITAE 54