Unenabling Environment and University Education ( learning & teaching) In Selected Universities in Mogadishu Somalia

ABSTRACT This study investigates the challenges un-enabling environments that face the Higher education institutions in Mogadishu. Somalia since the collapse of the central authority in 1991. Since all educational systems and infrastructure have been destroyed by the civil war, the study -seeks to explore the negative consequences of unenabling environment on university education, to explore how unenabling environment affects students, Lecturers. A descriptive cross sectional survey design guided the study and primary data was collected using structured questionnaires. Respondents classified into strata from which they were chosen randomly. The study population was 255 and a sample size of 179 was got using Slovene’s formula for generating sample size. The study revealed on respondent’s characteristics after analysis using frequencies and percentage distribution showed that majority of the respondents were male, a high portion of respondents were the age bracket of 27-32, most of the respondents were degree Holders and Predominant in the length of service were those workers serving below 5 years. The findings revealed that the highest correlation lies between students missing lectures, students not getting access to skilled lectures and students themselves fear political instabilities and the chaos environment. There is a low correlation between the variables of no skilled workers would like to work in harsh conditions, and the missed access to university cafes by students for research. Table further indicates a moderate correlation between the missing of services like university library and the decline of university education in three selected universities in Mogadishu Somalia. Recommendation for Future Study; though the study has added significant knowledge to literature, further research is needed. An area in which further research needs to be done is the issue of the need of higher education quality insurance agencies in the country.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION A

DECLARATION B ii

APPROVAL SHEET iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES ix

LISTOF FIGURES x

Conceptual frame work x

ABSTRACT xi

CHAPTER ONE 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 1

Background to the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 3

Research Questions 5

Significance of the Study 6

Definition of operational terms 7

Conceptual Framework 8

CHAPTER TWO 10

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 10

Un-enabling Environment (Warzone Environment) 10

Effects of Civil War on Higher Education 12

Importance of Peace or an Enabling Environment 16

Theoretic-al Perspectives 19

vi

Factors Affecting University Education 19

Political Instability i.g

Socio-economics 21

Security 21

Un-enabled environment 22

CHAPTER THREE 23

METHODOLOGY 23

Research Design 23

Sampling Procedures 24

Research Instruments 24

Validity and Reliability of the Instrument 25

Data Analysis 26

Ethical Consideration 27

Limitations of the study 27

CHAPTER FOUR 29

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATON OF DATA 29

Respondents’ profile: 29

The negative consequence of un-enabling environment on university education 31

How un-enabling environment affects university education 33

CHAPTER FIVE 38

FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 38

Introduction 38

Conclusion 39

APPENDIX IV 45